Decades of data show GCSE English resit pass rates languishing at historic lows – hovering under 20 per cent overall, and barely 10 per cent for 18- and 19-year-olds. If Ofsted inspected the Department for Education on this dismal record, it would be a severe finger-wagging moment. Yet successive policy interventions have done nothing to alter the downward trajectory.
Why? Because sector leaders and policymakers have consistently tried to address the symptoms of under-performance rather than root causes. As with any quality-improvement journey, the golden rule remains: you can never fix under-performance by treating the symptom. You can only fix the root-cause issue. But what is it?
During an inspection, I once observed a level 2 beauty therapy class. Resplendent in their uniforms, the students arrived early, took great pride in managing their learning challenges with minimal instruction. They loved what they were doing.
An hour later, my next observation was a GCSE English resits class. Sitting in that room were those exact same beauty therapy students. Their behaviour was appalling, exhibiting complete disrespect for a hard-working teacher. They hated English. They endured it, and coped only by humiliating the teacher to avoid studying.
They simply did not see the need or relevance of what they were being taught.
This is not the fault of the students, nor is it the fault of dedicated English teachers. It lies squarely with the individual vocational curriculum designers. We cannot expect resit teachers to magically reverse years of ingrained failure in a couple of hours a week. With pass rates sitting at 19.8 per cent, the data proves they cannot.
To understand the real issue, look closely at Ofqual’s nine assessment objectives for GCSE English language. They are fabulous. They set out the expert, independent learning skills needed to succeed in any subject: reading critically, writing for a specific audience, structuring thoughts, evaluating evidence, listening, and presenting ideas. In fact, if you stripped away the subject title, those nine outcomes form a perfect blueprint for a level 3 course in expert learning skills. They are precisely what every employer and vocational teacher wants.
‘To make this really explicit, I’ve created a mapping from ‘the GCSE nine’ (and the Functional Skills 28) to the 18 essential expert learning skills we all want our students to develop.
Now run a quick thought experiment: imagine asking your vocational teaching staff if they know what these nine objectives actually are. In my workshops across further education, the answer is almost universally no.
After nearly 40 years in FE and skills, I have become convinced that students’ poor attitude towards English is the most significant root-cause issue to address. An issue that, sadly, begins much, much earlier in school life.
Before Covid, I spent Friday mornings sitting on tiny chairs in my local first school’s reception class, researching an early reading scheme I was writing.
One day the teacher said she would include Lucy for extra support. Lucy had been on book nine for three weeks and was struggling.
Think about that four-year-old. She can’t do it, but for three weeks she has been forced to reopen the same book again and again. She squirms, looks around and searches for distraction. Eventually, through repetition, she memorises the story and appears to read it. Then she moves to the even harder book 10…
Now wind back to the first book in the Oxford Reading Tree scheme. In the first weeks of reception, children often begin by learning to read the sounds s, a, t and p. So what do you think are the first words in book 1?
“Oh, Floppy!”
Incredible. We teach a skill, then give children material that bears no relation to that skill. Is it any wonder that Lucy, and perhaps a quarter of her class, begin to hate reading?
So what should FE do?
Every vocational teacher should proactively include at least one learning outcome from ‘the nine’ in every lesson. Make the development of these skills explicit. Show students that these are not “English skills”; they are the expert learning skills they need for work, life and whatever technology comes next.
And finally, here’s thought experiment number two: what do you think would happen to GCSE English resit rates if every vocational teacher proactively develops every learners’ ability to understand, use and master the nine expert learning skills (GCSE English outcomes) in all of their lessons?
This isn’t about GCSE English. Every quality improvement initiative requires the staff involved to make an investment: in this instance, it’s the time needed to redesign their scheme of work.
But for an improvement initiative to actually work, there has to be a pay-off for the ones making the investment. And the pay-off for vocational teachers is students who will find it much easier to learn in class and and learn through the production of their course work, leading to more commitment in lessons and easier marking workloads. It will allow teachers to enjoy their vocation again.
And by the way, the primary aim of my reading scheme is not to teach children to read, but to teach them to love reading. It’s my attempt to resolve this ultimate root-cause issue.