NCFE shuts down systems after ‘cyber incident’

A “cyber security incident” has forced a major national awarding organisation to shut down its IT systems, triggering widespread cancellations to assessments and a halt to new learner registrations.

NCFE has locked down all of its online systems, including staff emails and its learner registration portal, while investigators determine the extent of the incident, which occurred late last week.

NCFE could not confirm at this stage whether any sensitive data was compromised

In a message to customers yesterday afternoon, seen by FE Week, NCFE said it had detected “suspicious activity” on its network late last week. It immediately shut down its systems “as a precautionary measure” but acknowledged that would create “significant disruption” across its services. 

Phone lines, live web chat and NCFE staff email accounts have all been temporarily shut down. The awarding body’s ‘Portal’ is also offline, meaning providers cannot currently register learners, upload evidence or claim certificates. NCFE has promised to let customers know when services will resume as soon as it is able to. 

Any late registration or late booking fees incurred by centres as a result of systems going offline will be waived.

The shutdown also means most planned assessments have been cancelled. NCFE has told centres that T Level assessments scheduled for this week will continue as planned, and on-demand functional skills assessments can still be booked. 

But paper-based assessments and all face-to-face and remote apprenticeship end point assessments planned from yesterday, December 1, have been cancelled and will be rearranged. 

Students’ T Level employer-set project evidence can also not be uploaded until systems are back online. 

External cyber security specialists are in the early stages of a forensic investigation to understand the cause and scope of the incident. NCFE was unable to confirm whether any sensitive data was accessed or compromised. 

NCFE said: “As our investigation is in its early stages, we are currently not in a position to confirm details or draw any conclusions on any specific data involved. These investigations take time, but please be assured that understanding this is a key focus of our investigation.”

David Gallagher, chief executive of NCFE, apologised for “any inconvenience or concern” and said staff were working “around the clock” the bring systems safely back online.

Cyber attacks against awarding organisations are rare

An Ofqual report last year said there was one attack on an organisation “affiliated to three awarding organisations” and one attack on an awarding organisation that delivers general qualifications in 2024. 

An Ofqual spokesperson said: “Ofqual is aware of a cyber incident affecting NCFE. We are in discussions with NCFE, who have engaged fully and appropriate steps are being taken to protect students’ interests. NCFE has confirmed that T Level assessments will continue as planned for the next two weeks.

“Ofqual will continue to assess closely NCFE’s actions.”

NCFE was approached for further comment. 

More information and FAQs for students and centres are now available on NCFE’s website.

Top Ofsted grades soar in final year of overall effectiveness system      

The proportion of FE and skills providers that hold Ofsted’s top two ratings boosted significantly in the final year of the watchdog’s ‘outstanding’ to ‘inadequate’ grading system – with independent providers scoring the most notable rise, figures show.

Chief inspector Sir Martyn Oliver published the inspectorate’s latest annual stocktake of education performance this morning.

It is the last report that includes the old-style grading system. Overall headline grades have now been removed and the watchdog will grade colleges in up to 16 individual areas on a five-point scale from ‘exceptional’, ‘strong standard’ and ‘expected standard’ to ‘needs attention’ and ‘urgent improvement’.

Here, FE Week analyses the final data set for the old-style system.

Quality rises across the whole sector

As of August 31, 2025, 1,663 FE and skills providers held an Ofsted grade and of those, 88 per cent (1,461) held either ‘good’ or ‘outstanding’.

This is a 6 percentage point rise compared to the same date in 2024, when 82 per cent of all providers across the sector was rated in the top two categories for overall effectiveness.

The overall number of providers to achieve ‘outstanding’ rose from 161 to 188 over the same period.

Marked improvement for ITPs and employers

The proportion of independent training providers to hold either ‘good’ or ‘outstanding’ rose from 76 per cent in 2024 to 84 per cent in 2025.

Employer providers saw a similar rise, moving from 85 per cent with the top two grades to 92 per cent.

Apprenticeship quality is also continuing to rise.

Last year’s stats showed that of the 1,241 providers that had a judgment on their apprenticeship provision, 81 per cent were judged good or outstanding for apprenticeships at their most recent full inspection or were judged to be making at least reasonable progress at their new provider monitoring visit.

This proportion increased 7 percentage points to 88 per cent as of the end of August 2025.

Colleges also get an upgrade

Of England’s 152 general FE colleges, 86 per cent held either ‘good’ or ‘outstanding’ as of August 31, 2025 – up from 84 per cent the year before. This was mostly driven by a rise in ‘outstanding’ judgments, which went up from 10 to 14 over the period.

One college – Furness College – ended 2025 holding Ofsted’ lowest rating of ‘inadequate’.

Meanwhile, the proportion of sixth form colleges with the top two judgments rose from 95 per cent to 97 per cent.

One sixth form college held ‘requires improvement’ – Cirencester College – and none held ‘inadequate’.

Other provider types

Independent specialist colleges saw a significant improvement boost.

Of the 118 with an Ofsted grade, 105 (89 per cent) held the top two grades, an increase of 9 percentage points. Just one independent specialist college – Langdon College – was judged ‘inadequate’.

Meanwhile, 143 adult community providers, which includes local authority services and the institutes of adult learning, held an Ofsted grade as of August 31, 2025.

Nearly all, 139, were graded ‘good’ or better. Overall, 97 per cent of adult community providers were ‘good or better’ – up from 96 per cent the previous year.

The new data showed that 102 higher education institutions had an overall Ofsted grade by the end of August 2025. Of those, 97 (95 per cent) were judged ‘good’ or ‘outstanding’, an increase of 2 percentage points compared with August 31, 2024.

Prison woes continue

Ofsted’s report also noted “too many” prison leaders had failed to improve the quality of education in the secure estate.

Over one fifth (22 per cent) of the 35 prisons it inspected this year had received a lower overall grade, and over half (51 per cent) remained the same. Only nine prisons had an improved rating but not a single prison or young offender’s institute was judged ‘outstanding’.

Ofsted also warned that neurodiverse prisoners in work or studying vocational education did not access the same level of support as other prisoners with learning difficulties.

And the watchdog slammed prison leaders’ inappropriate allocation of space as it limited prisoners’ access to a full, “purposeful” day of work or education. 

“This severely limited their chances to prepare well for employment on release,” it said.

Inspectors saw AI’s ‘negative impact’…

Today’s Ofsted annual report included a section on artificial intelligence for the first time.

“Very few” inspectors who had seen the use of AI during inspection felt “the way providers were using it was improving outcomes”, a July survey found.

Ofsted said it was “concerning” some said AI was having “a negative impact” and but only a “small minority” of inspectors have seen safeguarding concerns relating to the technology.

The watchdog said the survey of inspectors confirms “there is a gap in research around the impact of AI on outcomes”.

Inspectors’ biggest concerns about AI are around governance and impact.

…and leaders have their concerns too

Some school and college leaders “have concerns about maintaining educational integrity” with the rapid pace of AI development and the number of tools being developed.

Ofsted said there was an “abundance of tools that can promise solutions to the challenges they and their staff face” but leaders told them in some cases products are “over-sold and under-developed”.

AI is mainly used to reduce teachers’ workload. Some settings have developed their own AI chatbots, which respond to questions children may have.

Several school and college leaders said teachers use AI to adapt or summarise suitable texts to match children’s reading levels, rather than spending time searching the internet for relevant source material at an appropriate level.

But many leaders said using AI directly with pupils was still in “its infancy”.

Ofsted warned leaders need “robust governance to manage” the ethical risks of AI and to “keep users safe”.

OfS to reduce dual-regulation burden on colleges

The Office for Students is consulting on plans to remove an “overlap” of regulation on FE colleges that provide higher education courses.

The higher education regulator is proposing to disapply five initial conditions of registration and four general ongoing conditions for colleges “where the Department for Education (DfE) already has robust oversight in place”.

These include requirements to prove financial viability and sustainability, a five-year business plan, fraud and inappropriate use of public funds arrangements and proof that key individuals at the college have sufficient knowledge and are fit and proper persons.

The consultation follows a strategy, announced in the post-16 white paper, that aims to increase higher education uptake and making the OfS the “single primary regulator” for all providers teaching level 4 and above courses.

OfS director of regulation, Philippa Pickford, said the consultation is in response to college sector concerns that the “complex regulatory landscape” is a barrier to offering higher education courses.

She added: “We also anticipate that the sector will expand when the government launches the Lifelong Learning Entitlement (LLE).

“In disapplying requirements where DfE already has robust oversight, we hope to make the registration process as smooth as possible for these institutions and ensure our regulation remains proportionate and risk-based.”

The consultation was published today and runs until February 10, 2026.

It comes ahead of the expected rollout of the LLE loan system in September 2026, which the government hopes will make level 4 and 5 higher education courses more easily available.

Several initial and ongoing conditions of registration will remain in place for colleges, such as the need for an access and participation plan, providing a high-quality academic experience, and proof of positive outcomes for students.

According to the report, colleges are already subject to a range of “robust” DfE measures to ensure effective financial governance, including the power to intervene or take “targeted action” to protect learners and public funds.

This includes a new level of intervention the DfE is consulting on separately, expected to allow officials to monitor higher risk colleges and mandate action through a ‘letter to improve’.

The OfS said this level of support is “sufficient to justify reducing the regulatory burden” for FE colleges. 

But the proposals will only apply to colleges that do not have and are not seeking degree awarding powers.

A “fuller” set of conditions will remain for colleges with degree awarding powers because they “operate autonomously”, without the oversight of an OfS-registered validating partner, so have a higher level of risk of closure or financial difficulties.

Arti Saraswat, senior policy manager, higher education at the Association of Colleges, said: “Colleges are longstanding providers of higher education and play a crucial role in providing opportunities for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, so it is good to see that the OfS is acting to make it easier for them to offer higher education.

“This move recognises that dual regulation is unnecessary as well as being burdensome on colleges. A streamlined approach to regulation from OfS is extremely welcome, and is something we have been campaigning on for years.  

“These proposals would mean that colleges can use their resources more efficiently, which would be extremely helpful as they prepare for the rollout of modular and flexible delivery under the Lifelong Learning Entitlement and as colleges play their vital part in delivering the new target for participation in higher education, and particularly at level 4 and 5.”

WorldSkills UK national finals 2025

Welcome to this special souvenir supplement bringing you the full results and insights from the 2025 WorldSkills UK national finals in South Wales.

From 47 high-pressure competitions hosted across five colleges and universities, to compelling stories of determination, inclusion and world-class teaching, this year’s supplement captures the scale and spirit of the 2025 national finals.

As Ben Blackledge, WorldSkills UK chief executive, writes in his foreword, this was a national finals that both inspires and drives improvement – a week where over 400 finalists demonstrated the precision, creativity and professionalism that employers value and young people deserve.

Alongside the full results from each competition, the supplement is packed with exclusive features and interviews spotlighting competitor journeys, behind-the-scenes insights from training managers, ministerial perspectives on the future of skills, and the grassroots innovations in colleges that are transforming teaching, learning and learner confidence across the UK.

Click the link above to download your copy

Skills England launches beta version of skills classification tool

Skills England has launched a beta version of a long-awaited skills classification tool in a bid to map and provide common language for the skills system in the UK.

Last week, the Department for Work and Pensions’ executive agency published the UK Standard Skills Classification (SSC), a four-level hierarchy that reflects over 3,000 occupational skills and aims to support “more effective decision-making” in recruitment, training, career development, and labour market analysis.

Once fully rolled out FE colleges and providers will be able to analyse local job vacancy data to identify skill demands, and design or modify courses to address specific skill gaps identified in the tool.

The government proposed a skills classification tool over two years ago to help training providers to be “more efficient”.

In a research report published on Thursday, Skills England said the lack of a “unified” system for classifying skills made it “difficult” to communicate and analyse skill-related information across education and employment.

“The SSC seeks to address this gap by providing a coherent structure that accurately reflects the skills and knowledge required in the UK workforce,” the research report said.

The SSC has broken down the system into four levels, comprising 22 broad skill domains, such as making decisions, manufacturing and caring, split further into 106 skill areas, hundreds of skill groups and finally 3,343 occupational skills.

The components of the SSC skill domain are then linked to relevant qualifications, tens of thousands of tasks, nearly 5,000 knowledge concepts, and 13 transferrable “core skills”.

The framework directly maps to apprenticeship standards (via Skills England’s occupational standards), course subject codes (under HECoS), Ofqual-registered qualifications and standard occupational classification codes.

Illustrated above, the serving and caring skill domain offers several linked skill areas including providing personal care and support services. The tool (see below) will then showcase the most important transferrable skills (rated out of 100), a list of core skills proficiencies (rated out of 5) and related industrial sectors and qualifications available.

What’s next?

Skills England plans to update the tool next year “based on user feedback” and then revise every five years.

Officials will monitor and change the SSC to remain fit-for-purpose in three areas: emerging and evolving job occupations, new curriculum changes relating to skills development and tweaks to terminology.

They will also keep an eye on job vacancies data, employer forums and associations, public forums such as Stack Exchange and Discord, and patent filings to identify any possible changes to the SSC.

The classification tool was developed using AI text embedding and large language models, drawing together multiple datasets from the former Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education, the National Careers Service and also international frameworks such as O*NET, a free US tool developed to help people develop their careers.

However, Skills England warned that the AI tools are “not entirely reliable” after struggling with data tagging and inconsistent grammar.

The agency’s officials initially sought to validate the classification took against a large CV library, but it proved “prohibitively complex and expensive”.

Instead, the Department for Work and Pensions has initiated a pilot to evaluate the use of the SSC to generate standardised skills profiles from a sample of service user CVs.

“Data was requested from LinkedIn to supplement other inputs (especially for the knowledge concept library) but, unfortunately, they were unable to provide access to the level of data required,” the report added.

The beta interactive tool can be found here.

Animal care awarding body acquired by private equity-backed firm

A veterinary awarding body has been bought by a private equity-backed company.

VetSkill Ltd was acquired by Phenna Group last week to operate under the firm’s animal welfare and food safety division.

It marks the latest private equity investment into the further education and skills training arena.

Phenna Group was sold by private equity firm Inflexion in 2022 to fellow private equity investor Oakley Capital.

VetSkill is recognised by Ofqual to offer around 25 qualifications in the animal care space and is a government-approved assessment body for more than 10 apprenticeship standards.

Government stats show VetSkill awarded over 1,500 certificates in the last two years and completed over 1,200 end-point assessments for apprentices between 2020 and 2024. Its latest accounts show the company had 176 employees for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Leslie Heaton-Smith, exiting founder of VetSkill, said: “By joining Phenna Group, VetSkill will be better placed to take advantage of growth opportunities, expand its market presence into new sectors and position itself for a very successful future.”

Phenna Group is headquartered in Nottingham and invests in niche, independent Testing, Inspection, Certification and Compliance (TICC) companies that serve multiple sectors including the built environment, infrastructure and food and life sciences.

VetSkill will come under the leadership of E&J, Phenna Group’s specialist veterinary public health certification and inspection business. 

A spokesperson for Phenna said E&J works with the government to “safeguard animal welfare within abattoirs and ensure that meat is safe to enter the food chain”.

The addition of VetSkill “enables E&J to diversify its range of services by providing qualification and assessment capabilities”.

Charles Hartwell, Phenna Group’s divisional managing director for food and life sciences in the UK and CEO of E&J, said: “I’m delighted to welcome VetSkill into the E&J family. Their strong reputation, sector expertise, and commitment to high-quality assessment aligns perfectly with our values. I’m very much looking forward to supporting Sam and the VetSkill team as we continue to grow and broaden our impact.”

VetSkill CEO Sam Double added: “This is a significant strategic step for VetSkill to allow us to build on our current successes and continue a trajectory of growth. I am excited to be working alongside Charles, E&J, and the wider Phenna Group as we expand VetSkill’s qualification and assessment portfolio and align our shared values to inspire even more learners and apprentices to success.”

WorldSkills UK national finals: Welsh colleges top 2025 medal table

Cardiff and Vale College and Pembrokeshire College have been awarded joint first at this year’s WorldSkills UK national finals.

Welsh colleges dominated the top of the medal table, which this year featured 12 colleges taking the top five positions on medal points. Only three were English colleges.

This week’s skills competitions saw over 400 learners and apprentices participating in 47 skills after two days of gruelling tasks in their chosen specialisms.

Both Cardiff and Pembrokeshire colleges won 13 total medal points each, taking first spot in the league table. They were followed by Scotland’s New College Lanarkshire and Northern Ireland’s Southern Regional College, which each got 12 medal points.

A gold medal is worth four points, a silver is worth three points, a bronze is worth two and a highly commended place scores one.

Learners from Cardiff and Vale College took home gold medals in automotive body repair and network infrastructure technician, one silver in heavy vehicle technology, and two highly commended in the beauty therapist and IT support technician contests.

Meanwhile, Pembrokeshire College students won gold in culinary arts, two silver in restaurant service and beauty therapy practitioner, as well as a bronze in welding and highly commended in the metal fabricator skill.

Cheshire College South and West was the highest ranking English college, placing joint fourth with ten medal points alongside Wales’ Bridgend College and Grwp Llandrillo Menai.

With nine medal points, Burnley College and East Coast College came joint fifth with Coleg Cambria and NPTC Group of Colleges. 

A foundation skills medal ceremony was held to celebrate competitors with SEND in eight national competition finals held today.

See the full winner’s list here

Jacqui Smith, minister for skills, said:”These exceptional young people showcase the very best of UK talent and represent the future of our economy, and I would like to congratulate them all on their outstanding achievements.”

Peter Heggie, a digital construction competitor from New College Lanarkshire, won gold as well as Callum Patience for mechanical engineering: CAD.

Southern Regional College’s duo Ross Graham and Carter McKnight won gold in mechatronics and automotive refinishing champion Jack Harvison was also awarded gold.

The gold for automation went to Mallaghan Engineering apprentices Teagan Dorman and Odhran McClusky from South West College (pictured above).

Apprentice Toby Moulder, from APM Fire and Security, won gold in electronic fire and security systems, told FE Week about how he thought he performed.

“I felt like it went brilliantly. I managed to have surprisingly quite a lot of time left to triple check everything. So I made sure everything was 100 per cent, and luckily, I’ve come home with the gold,” he said.

Other gold medal winners were the digital media production team from North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College, Airbus UK’s aircraft maintenance apprentice Robert Jones and Belal Al Haka, automotive body repair winner from Cardiff and Vale College.

Meanwhile, in the plumbing skill, Dillon Newton from Cornwall College Group won gold, Jackson Gill from New College Durham won silver, while Jack Fenton from Belfast Metropolitan College and Tristan McGrath from South West College won highly commended awards respectively.

Speaking to FE Week at the ceremony, Newton said the competitions have inspired him to help the next generation of plumbers,

“Obviously I’d like to finish my apprenticeship and then I would quite like to stay involved in the college in more of maybe a mentorship role,” he said.

High praise for high-flyers

178 winners were announced after months of local and regional qualifiers and an intense competition spread across South Wales this week.

The 417 finalists were selected from nearly 7,900 registrations from colleges, training providers and a record number of employers this year.

This year’s winners will be invited to start the WorldSkills UK training schedule in preparation for WorldSkills Aichi in Japan in 2028.

Ben Blackledge, chief executive of WorldSkills UK, said: “Congratulations to all those who participated in the WorldSkills UK national competitions.  They have demonstrated their skills at the highest level, and these exceptional young people represent the future of our economy.  

“They are the new generation of high-flyers that will give UK employers a competitive edge.  Our competitions, based on global standards, play a vital role in developing the skills that will drive investment, create jobs, and fuel economic growth.”

WorldSkills UK: 2025 foundation skills medallists announced

The UK’s most talented young foundation skills learners have been named at the end of an intense day of competitions at the WorldSkills UK national finals in Wales.

Forty-two students have won gold, silver and bronze medals in foundation skills competition finals in catering, creative media, digital, enterprise, hairdressing, health and social care, horticulture and restaurant services.

The competitions took place at Cardiff and Vale College this morning, which brought together over 70 SEND and high needs competitors from across the UK.

The college’s atrium was transformed this afternoon to host a medal ceremony to announce the winners. The full results are below.

Marion Plant, chair of WorldSkills UK and principal of North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College, said: “Congratulations to all those who took part. Your involvement demonstrates to employers that you have the skills and the mindset to succeed in the workplace.

“Foundation skills is one of the programmes I am most proud of as chair.”

Bridgend College took home two gold medals, in the digital and enterprise competitions, whilst Pembrokeshire College won gold medals in horticulture and creative media.

The two Welsh colleges were ranked joint first place out of the 20 participating providers with a total of 12 medal points each.

Gold medals are worth four points, a silver is worth three points, a bronze is worth two and a highly commended place scores one.

North Warwickshire & South Leicestershire College came in second place with 10 medal points, winning one gold from Sawda Khalifa in hairdressing, a silver in catering, bronze in health and social care, and highly commended in hairdressing.

Four providers tied for the third spot in the medal table, all with four medal points. They were DN Colleges Group, Elidyr Communities Trust, New College Lanarkshire and NPTC Group of Colleges.

In the restaurant services skill, Zara Fisher from NPTC Group of Colleges swooped into first place, while Eva Ribons from Gower College Swansea won silver and Coleg Gwent’s Emily Boulton took home the bronze award.

In horticulture, Pembrokeshire College’s Junior Rozhon and Matthew Duncombe came away with gold and silver awards, and Riverside College’s Aimee-Leigh Phillips won bronze. Two highly commended prizes were awarded to Russell Reeves from Elidyr Communities Trust and Celyn Sollis from Pembrokeshire College.

Foundation skills medallists 2025:

Catering

Gold: Destini Bryan, DN Colleges Group

Silver: Mollie Clark, North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College

Bronze: Brooklands College

Highly commended: Bridgend College


Creative media

Gold: Denver Picton, Dylan Raymond, Phoebe Stannett from Life Skills Academy, Pembrokeshire College

Silver: Rowan Love, Jack Bowler, Ella Evans from TEAM AWESOME, Coleg y Cymoedd

Bronze: Tommaso Montagino, Harry Metcalfe, John Subala from Burnley College Brood, Burnley College


Digital

Gold: Jesse Owen, Bridgend College

Silver: George Hennessey, Middlesbrough College

Bronze: Cathal Conolly, South West College

Highly commended: Oscar Adams, Weston College


Enterprise

Gold: Abi Thomas, Sophie Davies-Jones, Bethany Johns from Project StepUp, Bridgent College

Silver: Susan Bell, Leon Deane, Faith Hale from Cwtsh Creations, Elidyr Communities Trust

Bronze: Mairah Taj, Natalia Siwy, Yusuf Asif from Itec’s Finest, Itec Skills & Employment


Hairdressing

Gold: Sawda Khalifa, North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College

Silver: Ellie Bennett, The Oldham College

Bronze: Jasmine Barry, Homefield College

Highly commended: Tigerlily Lloyd, North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College


Health and social care

Gold: Kate Halsey, New College Lanarkshire

Silver: Leila Spree, Harlow College

Silver: Jack Jones, Bridgend College

Bronze: Sophie McNally, North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College


Horticulture

Gold: Junior Rozhon, Pembrokeshire College

Silver: Matthew Duncombe, Pembrokeshire College

Bronze: Aimee-Leigh Phillips, Riverside College

Highly commended: Russell Reeves, Elidyr Communities Trust

Highly commended: Celyn Sollis, Pembrokeshire College


Restaurant Services

Gold: Zara Fisher, NPTC Group of Colleges

Silver: Eva Robins, Gower College Swansea

Bronze: Emily Boulton, Coleg Gwent


Results from the mainstream competitions can be found here.

UCU reveals January strike days in 32 colleges

Teachers at 32 colleges are set to hit the picket lines during the January exam period in strikes over pay and workloads.

Following the results of an England-wide ballot last week, the University and College Union (UCU)’s further education committee has decided to enact its mandate for industrial action early next year.

Staff will walk out on January 14, 15 and 16, during which several exams for vocational and technical qualifications will be set.

UCU members in 33 of the 68 colleges passed the required 50 per cent turnout threshold and backed strike action. This list now includes Myerscough College, whose strike ballot closed earlier this week, and strikes at York College have now been called off.

The move is likely to disrupt nearly two dozen Pearson BTEC exams as well as several WJEC level 1/2 technical awards that will be sat during the three strike days. AQA’s final applied general exams will take place on strike day 1.

UCU opened a nationwide ballot in October after the “disappointing” 4 per cent pay rise recommendation from the Association of Colleges earlier this year.

Out of the 68 balloted colleges, 90 per cent of their voting members supported strike action, said UCU.

Twenty-one colleges did not meet the legal 50 per cent turnout threshold, and a further 17 already settled their disputes with college employers after agreeing new pay deals worth up to 8.7 per cent and will not take part in the upcoming strikes.

The union’s ‘new deal for FE’ campaign demands pay parity with school teachers, a national workload agreement and binding national bargaining.

College teachers earn, on average, £9,000 less than their counterparts in schools, according to UCU.

UCU general secretary Jo Grady said: “College bosses are now on notice, if they refuse to come back to the negotiating table and make staff fair offers that help close the pay gap between school and college teachers then, come January, there will be huge disruption on campuses across England.”

She added: “Our demands are reasonable, and the 33 colleges facing action need to look at the 17 that worked to settle our disputes if they want to avoid action.

“It is also now high time employers worked with us to secure meaningful sectoral bargaining so we can end this disruptive year-on-year cycle of strike ballots and action.”

David Hughes, chief executive of the Association of Colleges, said he was “disappointed” after the ballot results were released last week.

“I hope it doesn’t come to fruition as it’s the students who will suffer,” he said at the time.

“AoC and college leaders have shown over many years now how committed they are to improving pay and conditions, as far as their funding will allow. We know, as do the unions, that any campaigning and action really needs to be directed nationally to secure commitments and investment from government to address the pay gap with schools and industry.”

Striking colleges:

  1. Abingdon & Witney College
  2. Barnet & Southgate College
  3. Bournemouth and Poole College of FE
  4. Bradford College
  5. Brockenhurst College
  6. Capital City College
  7. Chesterfield College
  8. City College Norwich
  9. City of Bristol College
  10. City of Liverpool College
  11. City of Portsmouth College
  12. City of Wolverhampton College
  13. East Sussex College Group
  14. Hugh Baird College
  15. Isle of Wight College
  16. Kirklees College
  17. Lakes College West Cumbria
  18. Lancaster and Morecambe College
  19. Loughborough College Group
  20. Morley College
  21. Myerscough College
  22. New College Swindon
  23. Runshaw College
  24. SK College Group
  25. South & City College
  26. South Bank Colleges
  27. Stanmore College
  28. The Sheffield College
  29. Truro & Penwith College
  30. Windsor Forest Colleges Group
  31. Wirral Met College
  32. WM College