The government’s flagship skills bootcamps failed to deliver improved employment outcomes to nearly half if its first cohort of learners, new figures reveal.
Outcome measures for the first wave of bootcamps released by the Department for Education today also show that at least one in five participants dropped out during the 16 week programme.
Of those that did complete, 54 per cent achieved a new or better job.
Outcomes have been reported by providers and cover the period September 2020 to March 2021.
As with a previous evaluation of the bootcamp programme, these new figures are also problematic. The Department admits that some providers “only submitted data for participants that completed a bootcamp”.
It’s therefore likely that the total number of participants on skills bootcamps is higher than the 2,800 reported, while the reported number of those that completed, 2,210 appears to be more reliable.
Skills bootcamps were announced in September 2020 and are a key pillar of the government’s national skills fund. They are also set to benefit from the Chancellor’s spending review boost to skills spending.
Today’s figures cover wave one of the bootcamps which were delivered by 48 providers, made of independent training providers, further education colleges, local enterprise partnerships, combined authorities and universities.
Of the 2,210 participants that completed their bootcamp, 520 progressed to a new job, 410 gained increased responsibility in their current job, 170 gained new self-employment opportunities and 100 gained a new role with their existing employer.
Outcomes from wave 1 skills bootcamps completed between September 2020 and March 2021
Today’s figures did not break down bootcamp participation and outcomes by sector or provider. The programmes run for up to 16 weeks in priority sectors; construction, digital, green skills, rail and engineering and manufacturing.
Simon Ashworth, director of policy at the Association of Employment and Learning Providers, said bootcamps “have fantastic potential” and attributed low employment outcomes to the way the data has been recorded.
“It’s important to recognise that this is still a new programme”, Ashworth told FE Week adding that “at this early stage there are positives, with just under 80 per cent of participants completing the programme”.
“Although job outcomes are lower than expected, it is likely that some positive outcomes have been missed due to the way data has been recorded. More accurate performance measures must be put in place before we cast judgement on the scheme’s overall merit.”
The DfE told FE Week they are working with providers on improving data returns, including linking payments to bootcamp providers more closely with outcomes.
Skills bootcamps are not subject to Ofsted inspections, however it was announced in September that inspectors will conduct a “thematic survey” on the quality of education and curriculum of skills bootcamps.
The DfE said at the time that they could fall within scope for full inspections “if and when” they become a regular programme with regular funding.
Academy trust boss Ian Bauckham has been appointed as Ofqual’s permanent chair, the exams regulator has announced.
Bauckham, chief executive of the Tenax Schools Trust, has been the organisation’s interim chair for the past year, succeeding Roger Taylor who stepped down last December.
He will begin a three-year term as its permanent chair from next month.
Education secretary Nadhim Zahawi said Bauckham’s “extensive experience” of the education and qualifications system “means he is the ideal person to guide Ofqual through the critical work ahead”.
Students should prepare to sit January exams and assessments as planned, the Department for Education has told principals and chief executives.
In an “urgent” update this morning, the DfE has also confirmed that Ofsted will suspend all inspections planned for next week, except for those relating to safeguarding concerns.
This was followed a couple of hours later by an updated operational guidance document published on DfE’s website.
The new measures follow the prime minister’s announcement last night that the government will implement its Plan B Covid-19 response.
Here’s the latest for colleges and further education providers:
Face to face teaching
“Teaching and learning should not be moved online,” the Department has said.
While office workers and those that can work from home will be advised to do so from Monday, the Department for Education “expects” further and higher education providers to continue with face to face teaching.
Provider leaders have though been asked to identify “specific staff undertaking certain roles” that can work from home without disrupting face to face education.
Guidance requiring face masks in communal areas has not changed and there continues to be no requirement for face masks in classrooms.
January exams
Exams for vocational and technical qualifications will go ahead as planned in January, DfE reiterates today.
“There are exams for vocational and technical qualifications timetabled for January. Students who are due to sit these exams will be prepared and it is right that they should be given every opportunity to demonstrate what they have learnt” the email said.
FE providers are warned against using the NHS Covid Pass as a ‘condition for entry’ for education related activities but are required to follow the rules for events that meet relevent attendance thresholds.
Returning in January
Unlike in schools, colleges are not required to set up on-site testing for students in January. Colleges have been asked to “review their outbreak plans” and refamiliarise themselves with the Contingency Framework Guidance.
Settings such as adult education providers that are remaining open over the Christmas period should ensure that staff and students continue to test at home twice a week.
For January, FE staff and students continue to be required to take a lateral flow test the evening before or the morning of their return.
Omicron isolation
It is currently the case that anyone identified as being a close contact of a suspected or confirmed case of the Omicron variant must self-isolate and get a PCR test.
DfE’s update today states that there are plans to introduce “daily contact testing as soon as possible” as an alternative for contacts that are fully vaccinated or under the age of 18 years and six months.
Ofsted inspections will be cancelled next week so colleges and providers can use the final days of term to put in place Omicron contingency measures for January.
The move was communicated to principals and chief executives this morning.
“Early years settings, schools and colleges will be using the final days of term to put in place these measures and consider contingency measures for January. In order to do that contingency planning, the Secretary of State for Education and Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector have agreed that early years settings, schools and colleges will not be inspected next week.”
“Ofsted inspections will continue to play an important role in providing independent assurance as schools and colleges continue to respond to the pandemic.”
Inspections will take place where there are safeguarding concerns.
A party held for “two dozen” staff at the Department for Education during lockdown last December is to be investigated by the cabinet secretary.
Boris Johnson announced at prime minister’s questions today that Simon Case would investigate whether lockdown rules were broken at a separate event in Downing Street on December 18.
And this afternoon Susan Acland-Hood, permanent secretary of the DfE, told MPs on the Public Accounts Committee the earlier gathering at her department on December 10 would be considered during the investigation.
She also told MPs she had attended the party, which was held in the DfE’s canteen.
Williamson said a “few words” at the event, attended by around “two dozen” staff “principally” from ministers’ private offices.
“I’ve spoken to the cabinet secretary and the gathering that was held will be part of his consideration as part of the investigation that was announced at PMQs,” she said.
She confirmed that if any staff were found to have broken rules, they would face disciplinary action. This would include Acland-Hood herself, she said.
Details of the DfE party were first revealed today by the Daily Mirror.
Acland-Hood repeated a statement issued by the DfE, which confirmed that a “gathering of colleagues who were already present at the office – and who had worked together throughout the pandemic” had taken place.
The gathering “was used to thank those staff for their efforts during the pandemic”, the DfE said.
Drinks and snacks were “brought by those attending and no outside guests or supporting staff were invited or present”.
“While this was work-related, looking back we accept it would have been better not to have gathered in this way at that particular time.”
Acland-Hood also revealed today that the event had been instigated by former education secretary Gavin Williamson, who had “wanted to thank staff together for the work that they had done”.
In this bonus episode, FE staff on the frontline put their tough and tricky classroom scenarios to two behaviour management experts.
How can a lecturer deal with a student who persistently turns up late to lessons?
How to be sympathetic – but not ruin the rest of the class’ experience – to a student’s difficult home circumstances?
And how can staff ensure they don’t take particular ‘assumptions’ into the classroom with them?
Answering the questions are Tom Bennett, lead DfE behaviour adviser and Jayne Lowe, former headteacher of a pupil referral unit and behaviour consultant – with host Shane giving the staff in the podcast the chance to return their own thoughts afterwards.
Listen to the special episode below, and hit subscribe to follow the podcast!
The government is pushing ahead with its manifesto promise of a prison education service, but has failed again to say when it will be introduced.
The new prisons strategy white paper also commits the Ministry of Justice to improve prisons’ and young offender institutions’ Ofsted grades year-on-year to bring them in line with local FE colleges.
Ofsted chief inspector Amanda Spielman’s annual report, also released today, reveals around 60 per cent of all prisons and young offender institutions are graded ‘requires improvement’ or ‘inadequate,’ compared to 20 per cent of other FE and skills sector providers.
Announcing the new white paper, justice secretary Dominic Raab said: “We’re re-orienting the regime to get offenders off drugs for good, and into work – to cut crime, and keep the public safe.”
Prison education service will help offenders ‘improve job prospects’
The white paper reforms are intended to ensure prisoners gain basic numeracy and literacy standards while inside.
The new prison education service will be training offenders with vocational skills such as construction and coding, which the government says will “improve their job prospects and steer them clear of crime”.
However, the white paper fails to make clear when the new service will be introduced – two years after it was promised in the Conservatives’ 2019 manifesto.
The white paper also commits to a new drive to get offenders into work, through a new job-matching service which pairs convicts with vacancies in the community on release, as well as dedicated employment advisors in prison.
Six prisons set to be built over the next five years will include in-cell learning technology so offenders can access basic maths and English education, vocational skills such as IT and engineering, even driving theory tests so they can get a licence on release.
‘Significant’ investment needed or provision ‘will not improve’
Responding to the white paper, Prison Education Trust chief executive Jon Collins welcomed the “focus on getting people leaving prison into jobs,” but warned education is “the key building block that enables prison leavers to secure employment and urgently needs more funding”.
Plans to roll out digital technology need to “go further and faster,” he added, so the government “must put in-cell technology in place in every prison, new and old”.
Collins
“Without significant investment in teachers, technology, equipment and the physical environment, and without more prison officers around, prison education will not improve,” Collins said.
“If the government wants to succeed in its ambition to significantly boost the employment opportunities of prison leavers, the first step must be to get prison education right.”
The Commons education select committee is currently conducting its own inquiry into prison education, which heard last month from a panel of ex-prisoners of the “dreadful” provision and lack of communication from providers inside.
While the white paper says the prison education service will “equip prisoners to get jobs or apprenticeships after they leave custody,” no mention is made of allowing prisoners to take up an apprenticeship.
A prisoner apprenticeship pathway was mooted by the government in 2016, in collaboration with the Association of Employment and Learning Providers. But by 2019, this had failed to get off the ground, and the education committee heard from social justice charity NACRO last May that allowing prisoners to take up apprenticeships would require changing legislation.
Ofsted has today published its annual stocktake of education for the 2020/21 academic year, which saw inspection activity mostly put on hold due to Covid-19.
But reflecting on the year, the watchdog says the further education and skills sector was hit “particularly hard” by the pandemic.
“Many apprentices found themselves furloughed, or out of work altogether and the number of learners experiencing significant mental health problems or safeguarding concerns increased”, according to Ofsted.
While the report mostly provides commentary about the past year, it does also repeat some statistical analysis of the little inspection activity that did take place, which FE Week was first to report last month.
Here are the key findings for FE and skills from today’s report…
Apprenticeships ‘curtailed and job prospects limited’
Ofsted has shone a light on the “significant disruption” that Covid-19 caused to most students, particularly apprentices and those studying courses with a practical element.
Many “were not taught the practical skills and knowledge required to progress or succeed at the next stage” as provider and college doors closed during lockdown.
Apprenticeships and courses linked to the sectors hardest hit by the pandemic, for example retail, customer service, childcare and health and social care, were “least likely to be running fully”.
Ofsted says reasons for this varied. “For example, in some courses, learners had still not returned from furlough or learners were on a ‘break in learning’, and in other courses, employers were not taking on new work placements due to economic uncertainty or because of health and safety concerns.”
Some apprentices were unable to finish their course because they had been furloughed, their employer had ceased trading or because of Covid restrictions. Others had been delayed in completing their end-point assessment (EPA) as increased work demands meant they did not have time to focus on their apprenticeship. Some EPAs were cancelled, which led to a “sizeable backlog” in the system.
Around 80 providers that delivered apprenticeships lost their funding or closed during the year.
‘Disjointed’ curriculums surfaced
Ofsted says many colleges and adult community education providers assessed learners at the beginning of the autumn term to establish any gaps in their knowledge following the summer lockdown.
They then used this information to change curriculum content. Providers identified gaps in English and mathematics and in practical skills for apprentices, for example.
For “some”, having to “reorganise assessment and teaching due to restrictions, along with meeting learners’ different needs”, led to learning becoming “disjointed and the logical sequencing of the curriculum being disrupted”, inspectors found.
“This is likely to have hindered learners from developing and embedding new knowledge and skills.”
Heightened concern for learners’ safety and wellbeing
Providers reported to Ofsted that the number of learners with significant mental health problems had increased during the pandemic.
The watchdog’s report does not provide any data about this but says inspectors heard of increases in safeguarding concerns such as domestic abuse, county lines, knife crime and larger numbers of families experiencing destitution or needing to access foodbanks.
“Many” leaders referred more learners to local mental health, safeguarding or early help teams during the year.
Learners with high needs ‘severely affected’
Senior leaders in independent specialist colleges for learners with high needs, and in other providers that run supported internships, told Ofsted they are unlikely to see a “rapid restoration” of work placements and activities designed to promote independence for their learners. Many of these placements were run with the support of small businesses and charities that have closed during the pandemic.
Many learners with high needs found online learning “more difficult” and it was also “challenging” for providers to offer them an individualised curriculum.
Additionally, learners’ behaviour was “severely affected by the circumstances of the pandemic”. They “found it hard to talk to inspectors and were not able to work with other learners”.
Adult participation rate dropped substantially
Ofsted said that in the first national lockdown, between March and July 2020, the numbers of adults participating in learning declined by 44 per cent.
The overall adult participation rate declined by a further 11 per cent between August 2020 and April 2021.
Ofsted said this was due to a combination of venue restrictions, other learners being “prioritised”, the reluctance of some to return to face-to-face teaching and the difficulties some learners had accessing remote learning platforms.
And in many instances, the number of adult learners was low because job centres had only just reopened and begun mandating them to go on courses again.
Prisoners unable to leave their cells to learn
This year, Ofsted was unable to carry out routine inspections of prisons and young offender institutions but was able to carry out a number of remote interim visits and face-to-face provider monitoring visits.
Ofsted found that opportunities for prisoners to take part in classroom education stopped. Many prisoners were limited to in-cell work packs, with little feedback from teachers. In some prisons, these were not available until up to six months after the first national lockdown started in March 2020, meaning there was no education to speak of until September 2020.
Some prisoners told inspectors that, without a tutor to help them while working through the packs, they had to “turn the page” if they came across something they could not do. They found this “frustrating and demotivating”.
During 2020/21, full inspections were only able to take place during the last three months, between June and August.
All of these were to independent learning providers, including employer providers, that had not previously been inspected.
Of these, four were judged ‘outstanding’, 26 were judged ‘good’, 12 received ‘requires improvement’ and two were judged ‘inadequate’.
But almost 230 new provider monitoring visits were conducted
In between the national lockdowns, Ofsted continued with new provider monitoring visits as these were “deemed to be the highest priority”.
Of the 229 visits carried out in 2020/21, just over three quarters (76 per cent) were judged to be making at least ‘reasonable progress’ in all themes. Ofsted said this was unchanged from 2019/20.
The watchdog judged 19 per cent to be making ‘insufficient progress’ in at least one theme, however – a judgement which typically triggers the Education and Skills Funding Agency to suspend the provider from starting new apprentices.
Billions of pounds have poured into skills and education projects through the European Social Fund. Its replacement, the UK Shared Prosperity Fund, is set to go live in 2022 ̶ but is it ready?
“That money was an absolute lifeline, especially through the pandemic,” says Nickala Torkington, managing director of a not-for-profit which skills up unemployed women in Greater Manchester. “I’m really nervous about the move, and there’s not enough information out there.”
We are discussing the European Social Fund (ESF), a pot of money from the European Union the UK can no longer access since the vote to leave the EU. The last funding cycle ran from 2014 to 2020, but because of some delays in Whitehall, the final tranches of money will run out between now and June 2023.
This means thousands of not-for-profits, training providers and further education colleges are staring down an uncertain funding future. Many staff recall using the ESF since the 1980s.
‘UK got £4.4 billion in last cycle’
First, to untangle the jargon. The European Social Fund is one of the ‘EU structural funds’ the UK was eligible for as an EU member. It’s focused on unemployed adults and young people not in education, employment or training, and funds contracts for employment-related projects and vocational skills training.
It is almost entirely about resource spending on programmes – day-to-day costs – rather than capital spending. The other main EU structural fund is the European Regional Development Fund, which invests in enterprises. Skills and education organisations mainly accessed the ESF, say policy wonks.
And access it they did. The Department for Education told FE Week that in the 2014 to 2023 (extended) cycle, the ESFA has contracted out £912.5 million of ESF funds for education and training – with £708 million paid out by October.
Beneficiaries of ESF money training as gardeners
But that’s only the amount contracted by the ESFA; combined authorities and others hold ESF contracts too. FE Week has crunched the government’s “list of beneficiaries” who got ESF cash not via the ESFA from 2015, last updated in July this year, searching for colleges only.
That showed £130 million was awarded to colleges, for work that in total cost £233 million, thereby covering about 55 per cent of costs.
The remaining project costs are usually match-funded by the Department for Work and Pensions at around 50 per cent, or 60 per cent for “transition” areas that are more deprived, and up to 80 per cent in especially deprived areas, such as Cornwall.
Just last year, college accounts show £32 million of ESF income in 2019-20 for 64 colleges, according to the Association of Colleges. Of those, 49 reported more than £100,000 in income and eight reported more than £1 million. This is not petty cash.
That’s before we come on to independent training providers and other organisations. In 2019, 84 independent training providers got £232 million in ESF money, according to the Association of Employment and Learning Providers.
ESF was a “quite consistent” income stream for ITPs, who weren’t always successful in domestic funding pots, according to Rebecca Durber, AELP’s director of public affairs.
Overall, £4.4 billion poured into the UK through the ESF in the 2014 to 2020 cycle.
‘Bitterly disappointing lack of detail’
“It’s safe to say there’s a lot of concern over the transition,” continues Durber. “ITPs are very much in the dark about the details.”
The CRF offered £220 million to successful bidders from 2021 to 2022. It would then be followed by the UK SPF in 2022, which is meant to “reach around £1.5 billion” a year by 2024-25 and “at least match current receipts from EU structural funds”.
It’s safe to say there’s a lot of concern
But there have been major teething issues with both the CRF and SPF. Four years after SPF was first announced, organisations tell FE Week the only details they now know is that the fund will sit in the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, and is in Neil O’Brien’s brief ̶ the department’s parliamentary under-secretary.
A recipient in Greater Manchester who set up her own cake business through ESF funds
Elizabeth Taylor, chief executive at Employment Related Services Association, a membership body, said her members were “bitterly disappointed” there wasn’t more detail in the spending review.
“The end of the European Social Fund is of real concern to the employment services sector – it’s been a major part of funding for decades,” she says.
Her organisation published recommendations in a report called Sharing Prosperity two years ago but she says few details have been forthcoming since then.
Come and talk to us about the transition
The next hope for clarity is the Levelling Up white paper, which the government has promised will be published this year. It leaves just a few weeks to go – and providers warned FE Week they haven’t been consulted about the design of the SPF.
“Come and talk to us about the transition,” urges Simon Parkinson, chief executive at the Workers’ Educational Association, adding: “The government must also look at current ESF providers now and identify those projects with a strong business case for continuation funding, so there isn’t a cliff edge.”
In other words, the call is for ministers to find out what has – and hasn’t – worked with ESF.
‘Bureaucratic but flexible and diverse’
One of the ESF’s best qualities was the range of programmes it would fund, says Parkinson. “The clue is in the title: ‘social’. The ESF funded a diversity of provision with a community focus. It’s important that isn’t lost to a replacement ‘skills’ fund.”
The range of ESF projects is indeed broad. Take Calderdale College in West Yorkshire, which is listed in the government’s “beneficiaries” spreadsheet as getting exactly £1 million, running from January 2021 to June 2023, to “enhance equal access to lifelong learning for all age groups”.
Ebrahim Dockrat, director of commercial services and partnerships, says the college has secured more than £180 million of ESF income since 2007, to work with 28,000 businesses and 130,000 individuals, including a ‘rapid response’ redundancy support programme.
The application paperwork was bureaucratic, says Dockrat, but the ESF was “much more flexible” than “other mainstream funding pots”, allowing the college to target missed groups and set its own strategies for engaging them.
A confidence building programme for adults funded through ESF in Greater Manchester
This point is brought up again and again by providers – that the ESF involved too much paperwork, but mostly allowed a variety of approaches to engaging people, without demanding particular skills or qualifications as outcomes.
A very different provider to Calderdale College is Flourish Together, a social enterprise in Greater Manchester, whose contract is administered through the Workers’ Educational Association.
Torkington, the managing director, has won four lots of £20,000 to help women set up as social entrepreneurs, but is worried she might not get SPF funding for her careers programme in holistic health and wellbeing sectors.
“Because of the way the government sees employability skills, there’s a concern that there could be a narrower focus, into just sectors like construction.” Around 20 women handed up to £1,000 in ESF have then won further charitable or seed funding worth up to £50,000, she says.
The government needs to “see from the ESF what bang for your buck you can get from £20,000 if you scatter it to a diverse array of providers”.
In Blackpool, a charity called ROC won £20,000 in ESF cash and managed to support 11 out of 16 people into employment through gardening experience. “Lots of other small grants are for other costs,” explains James Baker, garden development manager.
“The hardest thing to find money for is staff costs, and the ESF did that.”
His words are echoed by Mark Cowling, a trustee at Third Space, a charity in Bolton which trains people in property renovation, whose funding runs out in 2022.
Cowling didn’t actually find the ESF too bureaucratic: “They wanted video testimonies as well as statistical records. It’s a resource to do, but it then means you’ve got impact data to communicate to other organisations.”
The contracts were also well managed, he adds, with payments arriving quickly after bid decisions.
‘Community renewal fund not fantastic’
The same speed cannot be said about the Community Renewal Fund, according to those who won contracts for it.
“The CRF commissioning process has not been fantastic,” warns Anthony Smith, development director at DBC Training, an ITP in the East Midlands. Organisations put in their CRF bids around April for decisions in July, with contracts to run from August 2021 to March 2022.
But decisions were delayed by three months, and deadlines are now in June.
“But now for me the question is, how will the CRF truly inform the design of the SPF? They should be fine-tuning it it off the back of the CRF, but there won’t be time.”
Calderdale College also won a bid for the CRF, but Dockrat warns: “The application process was overly bureaucratic.”
Lessons from the ESF are not being learned.
“The CRF is a case study of how not to do it,” summarises Stephen Evans, chief executive at Learning and Work Institute.
The SPF should also not pit bidding organisations from different areas to compete against one another, says Evans, as some areas could miss out. Instead, the government should use a formula to ringfence money for areas and “let local areas decide where the money goes and on what”.
But the omens aren’t good. The Multiply programme specifies a skill – numeracy – and is UK-wide, ignoring devolved education powers. “The UK government is taking control and centralising things, rather than devolving them across the UK, and in England as well,” warns Evans.
‘Lack of consultation or partnership’
Meanwhile, more questions remain: it’s not yet known who will administer the contracts ̶ combined authorities or chambers of commerce? Nor whether ministers will try to align the SPF with local skills improvement plans. “What’s the integration with this? There’s no synergy,” sighs Smith.
Andy Churchill, chief executive of the Network for Europe, which supports organisations in the north-west to deliver ESF projects, points out that “a condition of ESF funding was partnership work. There’s been no partnership work or proper consultation about the SPF so far.”
Of course, the biggest question of all is whether the SPF money will really be the same as ESF. FE Week asked the DfE whether the government is including its own match-funding in its projections of SPF, but was simply told “more details in due course”.
A lot is resting on the leveling-up white paper in the next few weeks.
“It’s a shambles,” says Churchill. “It really is.”
