The further education and skills sector has long been accustomed to change. New Ofsted frameworks, shifting government policy and evolving business demands are constants in a landscape that requires resilience. The release of Ofsted’s latest Education Inspection Framework (EIF) is another such moment, testing the ability of providers, colleges, universities and employer providers to steer a steady course.
Each new framework can create nervous energy, with leaders pressed to reconfigure provision or inspection readiness. Yet while frameworks change, the essence of inspection does not. High-quality delivery, with learners at the centre, remains the anchor. Providers who prioritise sustained quality, not short-term compliance, are the ones who thrive. At the Fellowship of Inspection Nominees (FIN), members with multi-year quality strategies consistently withstand turbulence.
National Grid illustrates this resilience. The employer provider was graded outstanding for the fourth consecutive time in September 2025 for its transmission apprenticeships, confirming two decades of excellence in education and training. Delivering apprenticeships at Levels 3 and 4 across engineering and power networks, it currently trains more than 160 apprentices. Inspectors praised the company’s investment in both training and well-being, noting that apprentices “value their trainers’ expertise and the high-quality resources that support their learning”.
Employer providers lie furthest from the apprenticeship regulatory framework, since their primary focus is operations, not education. For National Grid, keeping the nation’s lights on remains paramount. Yet the company’s culture of continuous improvement, reflected in the question “What could we do even better?”, has ensured provision stays learner-centred, staff are supported and programmes align with industry needs. Excellence has become routine rather than exceptional.
As a FIN member since 2019, National Grid has drawn on training, networks and external challenge to sustain performance. Over two decades it has successfully navigated the transition from frameworks to standards, shifting funding body rules, successive Ofsted frameworks, business restructuring, safeguarding pressures and rapid technological change.
FIN highlights that too often data, such as qualification achievement rates, sits quietly with management information teams rather than shaping curriculum or strategy. National Grid provides a contrast: its leaders adopt a forensic approach to analysing data, explaining anomalies and remaining resilient through change. FIN’s experience shows that when data literacy and strategic leadership combine, providers gain confidence to tell their story, impress inspectors and improve outcomes.
Strong oversight is equally vital. National Grid has long recognised that weak governance underpins poor provision. It has used FIN to provide scrutiny, guidance and challenge. Ofsted’s latest report confirmed that its governors “provide strong strategic oversight. They work closely with leaders to review safeguarding, curriculum quality and apprentice outcomes”.
Unlike providers who treat governance as a compliance exercise, National Grid embraces it as a driver of sustainability.
The EIF also places new emphasis on inclusion, requiring evidence that provision is accessible to all and that additional needs are met. Inclusion is not an add-on: it directly shapes outcomes and progression. National Grid demonstrates how embedding inclusive recruitment, tailored support and mentoring can ensure apprentices with special educational needs or neurodiverse profiles progress on par with their peers.
The challenge ahead lies in Ofsted’s shift from a “best fit” to a “secure fit” model, meaning providers must meet all criteria within an evaluation area to gain the expected grade. For safeguarding, only “effective” or “ineffective” judgements remain, with effectiveness requiring all six key standards to be met fully. The bar has been raised.
Yet the fundamentals remain unchanged. Sustained quality rests on multi-year improvement plans, clear vision, effective use of data, investment in staff and the empowerment of the Ofsted nominee as a strategic leader. Collaboration through networks like FIN remains central, enabling providers to stay agile and share practice.
Frameworks and policies will evolve, but providers anchored in quality, inclusion and oversight will adapt and thrive. As Ofsted concluded of National Grid; “Leaders are highly ambitious for their apprentices. They view them as an important investment in the company’s future and aim for them to stay long after completion, which most do”.
By asking what could be done even better, embedding inclusion and treating quality as a strategic journey rather than a compliance exercise, providers can hold steady in choppy waters and emerge stronger.
We have spent years discussing AI in terms of productivity, automation, and economic disruption. The headlines focus on job losses and the development of miraculous new tools. But this tactical focus risks obscuring a far more profound transformation already underway: AI is acting as a culture, systematically redefining the very nature of human thought and work.
As leaders, our immediate concern is the bottom line. As educators, it’s the skills gap. But our long-term responsibility must be to our people. To navigate this future, we must look beyond the quarterly report and understand the mid-to-long-term psychological and cultural impact of this shift.
The new cultural AI operating system
Every dominant technology introduces a new cultural logic. The printing press standardised knowledge. The industrial clock regimented time. The internet connected information.
AI’s cultural contribution is delegation. We are learning to offload not just manual tasks, but cognitive ones: synthesis, ideation, drafting, and even elements of strategy. The fundamental question shifts from “how do I do this?” to “what should be done, and how do I guide the process?” This is a reskilling of human cognition itself, redefining the fundamentals of knowledge work.
The mid-term reality: augmentation anxiety
For the next 5-10 years, we face a period of “Augmentation Anxiety,” characterised by three key challenges:
The erosion of mastery: Career progression has long been built on accumulating specialised skills. When an AI can code a function or analyse a legal document, what constitutes “mastery”? Workers may feel their hard-won expertise is devalued, leading to a crisis of professional identity and purpose.
The burden of curation: AI doesn’t eliminate work; it transforms workers into editors and curators. The mental load shifts from creation to constant evaluation, a different, often more ambiguous and taxing skillset. The pressure to perpetually oversee, correct, and refine AI output can lead to decision fatigue and mental exhaustion.
The isolation paradox: While a powerful collaborator, AI is not human. The decrease in routine collaboration, like asking a colleague to proofread something, reduces the micro-interactions that build team cohesion and provide informal mental breaks.
Long-term prognosis: A fork in the road
The long-term future (ten-plus years) is not predetermined. It hinges on the cultural and structural choices we make today. We stand at a fork in the road:
Path A: The human-centred renaissance In this future, AI handles the algorithmic, freeing the human mind for tasks it is uniquely suited for. We could see a surge in:
Meta-cognitive skills: Roles focused on ethics, empathy, complex problem-framing, and strategy.
A renewed value for “soft skills”: Leadership, mentorship, creativity, and negotiation become the premium currency.
Enhanced wellbeing: By automating mundane tasks, work could become more engaging and aligned with human purpose, potentially making a shorter work week standard to facilitate high-level creative thinking.
Path B: The “lidless eye” workplace If managed poorly, we risk an environment of perpetual pressure:
The accountability gap: Who is responsible when an AI makes an error? The human curator?
The pace paradox: The expectation of AI-speed output ignores the biological limits of the human brain.
Skill atrophy & dependency: Over-reliance on AI for cognitive tasks could lead to deskilling.
A call for conscious leadership
The outcome will be determined not by the technology, but by the human systems we build around it. Our role as leaders is to architect the human-centred renaissance.
Redefine “productivity”: Stop measuring value by output volume. Start measuring it by impact, creativity, and strategic value. Reward human skills like judgment, ethics, and collaboration.
Invest in psychological literacy: Train managers to spot signs of augmentation anxiety and burnout. Create forums for open discussion about the emotional challenges of working with AI.
Champion “human-time”: Actively protect time for non-AI-mediated work—brainstorming, mentorship, and human connection that doesn’t need to be “productive” in an algorithmic sense. We are social beings who need interaction.
AI is not just a tool. It is a cultural force, reshaping our cognitive landscape. The mental health and well-being of our workforce in the coming decades depend entirely on our ability to lead with humanity, not just efficiency.
One of the country’s oldest and most well-known organisations in technical education is to be sold – ending nearly 150 years of charitable ownership, FE Week can reveal.
City & Guilds, the awarding, assessment and training giant, will be acquired from its parent charity, the City & Guilds of London Institute, founded in 1878, for an undisclosed sum by PeopleCert, a Greek-owned global certification company, at the end of this month.
The deal is said to unlock “significant investment” for City & Guilds’ awarding, assessment and training businesses, avoiding the need for internal restructures.
It comes amid ongoing reforms to technical education qualifications, apprenticeship assessment and higher-level training, disrupting market conditions for the awarding sector.
City & Guilds of London Institute will continue its charitable functions, such as funding bursaries for disadvantaged learners, conferring “fellowships” and running the Princess Royal Training Awards, through the City & Guilds Foundation.
The charity’s trustees said the foundation will benefit from “a very significant sum” as a result of the sale, including up to £200 million in “gross assets under management” and up to five years’ rent-free office space, allowing it to grow to become an “innovative social investor and change maker”.
All awarding and assessment functions, and City & Guilds’ subsidiary training businesses, including providers Gen2, Intertrain and Trade Skills 4U, will transfer to new owners but remain under the City & Guilds brand.
City & Guilds is the second largest qualification awarding organisation in England by number of certificates issued and the largest provider of apprenticeship end-point assessments, according to Ofqual.
Staff were informed today that the sale was necessary to secure the long-term future of both the charity and the awarding and assessment businesses. It marks the end of a two-year search for investors, without which “we would need to look at our organisation structures to ensure we remained sustainable”, leaders said.
Dame Ann Limb, chair of City & Guilds of London Institute, said her trustees had found “an organisation with similar educational vision and values” and “a track record of successful delivery in people and technology” in buyer PeopleCert.
She added: “Almost 150 years ago, the City & Guilds of London Institute broke the mould by creating an organisation, together with City of London livery companies, that served the skills and employment needs of the second industrial revolution.
“Now in the age of the fourth industrial revolution, it is right to take steps to ensure City & Guilds thrives for another century and beyond.”
CEO Kirstie Donnelly and 98 per cent of City & Guilds’ 1,400 staff will transfer to the new owners. Remaining staff who work on charitable functions will remain employees of the City & Guilds Foundation.
Donelly will report to PeopleCert CEO and founder Byron Nicolaides and a new City & Guilds Limited board.
Donnelly said the sale “brings the freedom to compete, the investment to innovate and the market access to scale in the UK and internationally alongside a parent company that shares the City & Guilds values and ambition”.
An interim CEO, Mike Adamson, has been appointed to run the foundation. Adamson is currently the chair of the homelessness charity St Mungo’s and was CEO of the British Red Cross for nine years. Limb will remain in post as chair.
The buyer
The acquisition means City and Guilds’ awarding and training services will now operate under the name City and Guilds Limited, which has already gained approval from regulators.
It will be the second, but dominant, Ofqual-regulated awarding organisation in the PeopleCert group of companies alongside LanguageCert, most known for its international ESOL qualifications.
Alongside delivering language examinations in over 200 countries, PeopleCert also certifies the PRINCE2 project management and ITIL IT management courses.
Byron Nicolaides founded PeopleCert in 2000. Following a EUR450 million acquisition of Axelos in 2021, PeopleCert was described as the first Greek ‘unicorn’ company owing to its combined value exceeding EUR1 billion.
Nicolaides said the City & Guilds acquisition begins “an exciting new chapter of growth and unlocks even more potential together”.
“By investing in City & Guilds’ products, platforms and people, we’ll deliver even greater impact. We’re especially pleased to join forces with their talented employees and senior leadership team as we shape the future together,” he added.
While City & Guilds’ group income has grown year on year since the pandemic, from £130 million in financial year 2020-21 to £174 million in 2023-24, so has its expenditure. The organisation made a small net surplus of £3.6 million in 2023-24, recovering from a near £10 million loss the year before.
It was one of the first awarding organisations to throw its weight behind T Levels, alongside Pearson and NCFE. It won the first licences to develop and award T Levels in onsite construction and building services engineering for construction in 2020.
When the licences came up for renewal in 2023, City & Guilds didn’t retender. The onsite construction T Level was later scrapped due to lack of demand.
Alongside retendering for City & Guilds’ other current T Levels in engineering and management, the government is also embarking on reforms to change the apprenticeship assessment system, potentially reducing reliance on external end-point assessment organisations, such as City & Guilds.
Last month, Downing Street announced the upcoming post-16 education white paper will contain proposals to grant colleges and providers their own awarding powers for higher-level courses. This was part of the prime minister’s flagship pledge for two-thirds of young people to become higher-level qualified through academic, technical or apprenticeship training routes by age 25.
Sometimes the stars align, and the cosmos offers an opportunity to make a bold choice that can shape the course of history, do something good for society, and secure a significant boost in investment for the FE and skills sector.
This is exactly what is happening with City & Guilds. In this post-Brexit, post-Covid, government policy-hungry AI-dominated era, delivery of 21st century qualifications, credentials, awards and skills must adapt.
This is why this month we will close a landmark deal which in a single move secures the long-term future of the charity at the same time as bringing significant investment to the commercial awarding and skills businesses. It’s a win-win all round.
In Ann’s case, maybe it’s something to do with getting older – after half century in further education a predilection for legacy has become a preoccupation.
Set this alongside Kirstie’s legendary capacity for innovation and maybe you could have predicted we would come up with something as momentous as the road on which we have now embarked with City & Guilds – or City & Guilds of London Institute, to give it its full Royal Charter title.
This transaction unlocks new and exciting opportunities for the awarding organisation and skills training businesses, enabling continued growth and scale.
Backed by significant investment and infrastructure, the businesses will continue to trade under the world-renowned City & Guilds brand, upholding and promoting the long-standing reputation of City & Guilds throughout the UK and internationally.
The CGLI charity, known as the City & Guilds Foundation, will further its ambition to become an innovative social investor and change maker, continuing to play a significant part in addressing societal and skills needs of the 21st century.
The charity will retain its authority to grant CGLI Fellowships to individuals who achieve educational and vocational distinction and will continue to operate its national employer recognition awards scheme, the prestigious Princess Royal Training Awards.
Almost 150 years ago, the City & Guilds of London Institute broke the mould by creating an organisation, together with City of London livery companies, that served the skills and employment needs of the Second Industrial Revolution.
Now in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is right to take steps to ensure City & Guilds thrives for another century and beyond. We believe that a strengthened City & Guilds Foundation with sound finances, and the resources and people to develop innovative philanthropic ways of working, will enable the funding of a prosperous future for skills which will create greater societal impact and long-term systems change.
What we have announced has been two and a half years in development. There was no crisis, no major financial imperative, no sudden loss of key staff or customers and certainly no lack of confidence in the collective leadership across the City & Guilds group. On the contrary, one option was for trustees simply to carry on.
However, had we chosen that option, City & Guilds could have started to slide imperceptibly into irrelevance.
The board and executive of City & Guilds, led by us both as chair and CEO respectively, decided what could have seemed the easier road to take risked leaving a trail of diminished returns for our successors.
Trustees judged this to be irresponsible and a dereliction of our duties as charity trustees. We chose to face the reality and summon the courage – just as our forebearers did in 1878 – to collectively harness our strategic faculties and commercial acumen to navigate a route forward.
To quote the US poet Robert Frost: “Two roads diverged… and we took the one less travelled by, and that makes all the difference”.
For 30 years Fleur Sexton has led training provider PET-Xi, with its staff of largely neurodiverse leaders and can-do attitude to learners. She tells Jessica Hill how a crisis-induced pivot from adult education is bringing a fresh opportunity to help young people
It’s a special day today at PET-Xi, a small training provider that specialises in getting the hardest-to-reach young people back into education and work.
Staff and learners are gathered around a big pink cake at their open-plan office in Coventry, singing ‘happy birthday’ to commemorate 30 years since their vivacious CEO, Fleur Sexton, started the company.
The atmosphere is joyful, if slightly chaotic; the head of IT is dancing, while some teenagers giggle as they push each other about in office chairs.
They may have been ticked off for such behaviour at other education providers, but Fleur sees their breaktime antics as “time to let off steam”.
“It’s really important for them to see that business isn’t somewhere you’ve got to go into and be boring. Business is somewhere they’re accepted,” she says.
Two PET-Xi learners, Lilly and Sophia
Today is a day for celebration, but it has been a tough year for PET-Xi.
In May, the number of full-time permanent staff was halved from 62 to 30 as it pivoted from being an adult education-focused provider towards supporting more children and young people.
PET-Xi’s on-site provision now consists of a Path2Apprenticeships programme for 19 to 29-year-olds and a youth guarantee trailblazer for 18 to 21-year-old NEETs, both funded via West Midlands Combined Authority. PET-Xi is also local-authority funded to provide alternative provision for school-age learners, and subcontracted by SCL Education Group for a 16-to-19 NEET study programme.
PET-Xi is a unique place to work. Like many of its learners, almost all its staff are neurodiverse.
Fleur and her 24-year-old son and chief operating officer, Jake Sexton, have ADHD, as have almost all her senior team. In a reversal of industry norms, during a recent diversity, equity and inclusion audit the pair were challenged on how they make “neurotypical” people “feel comfortable and fit in”, says Jake.
PET-Xi CEO Fleur Sexton and her son and COO, Jake Sexton
Teacher’s PET
It’s hard to mistake the staff since they all wear black with a top or necktie of cherry pink – a colour that perfectly reflects Fleur’s vibrant personality.
Fleur says she “never really planned to set up a company”, but after starting her career as a French teacher at a Catholic school in Kenilworth, at age 23 she began offering extra support to pupils struggling with languages and gained a reputation for being “good with the naughty kids”.
PET-Xi got its name from Teacher’s PET (progressive educational tools), which teachers would shorten to pet. ‘Xi’ stands for ‘explosive inspiration’, which was coined by learners but could just as well refer to Fleur’s thought processes as she bounces from one topic to the next.
PET-Xi birthday celebrations
Family affair
In the office that Fleur shares with Jake, he refers to her as ‘Fleur’; she reverts to being ‘mum’ when they’re back home.
Jake had occasionally accompanied his mum to work since age seven, but his training really began at 16 when he began an apprenticeship at PET-Xi.
Fleur’s husband, sister, mother and father have also worked for her.
Fleur sees PET-Xi as a second family to those it supports, with many former learners progressing to become mentors.
She says the provider has never excluded anyone, nor has a member of staff ever been attacked, which she puts down to its adoption of trauma-informed practice.
Bad behaviour is generally interpreted as unmet need, and staff “operate rules based on equity”, with a “shared power balance” between learners and staff.
“If somebody’s got an incredibly volatile, hostile home life and they’re turning up late, then social equity would tell you they’ve turned up on time,” says Fleur. “For them, they’ve turned up as soon as they can.”
The modus operandi doesn’t suit everyone; staff “tend to stay forever or not at all”.
Fleur only wants employees for whom the work is “a vocation”, and who believe that “if they’ve got learners phoning them on a Saturday, that’s just how it pans out”.
PET-Xi’s interview process includes placing a young person in its lobby when the candidate enters; “If the candidate ignores them, we know they’re not going to last five minutes here”.
Recruiter Kirstie Price entered PET-Xi aged 14 as a learner when she lived in a children’s home. She says Fleur became a “second mum”, dropping her off at counselling sessions, putting her up in a hotel when she had nowhere to stay and advocating for her when she was excluded from college.
Life moves quickly at PET-Xi. As Fleur introduces me to her curriculum and quality lead, Chris Haresign, she casually informs him that he is being promoted to managing director.
Haresign ran a web development firm, then worked in senior management in schools for 10 years before joining PET-Xi. Today, he is advising a school on its alternative provision unit which he explains it’s “spending a fortune on”, but which is “not working”.
His lead trainer in schools, Ma’asoom Mahmood, joined PET-Xi over a decade ago after studying accounting and finance at university. He could have got a higher-paid role in the city, but chose this job for the “dopamine” hit of helping others. “It’s so important to society that companies offer this profit-for-purpose service,” he says.
Lead trainer Ma’asoom Mahmood
Personalised provision
Meanwhile, peer mentor Teddy Kendrick, 15, is not in a talkative mood, having recently broken up with his girlfriend and stayed up all last night playing games. But Fleur lavishes praise on him for showing up for work.
“That shows incredible resilience – six weeks ago he wouldn’t have turned up.”
Teddy’s mum, Emma, says PET-Xi has been “life-changing” for her son. His autism and ADHD meant he struggled in mainstream school, then experienced challenges in his £54,000-a-year placement at an independent special school.
Emma had to lobby her council hard to get Teddy moved to PET-Xi, despite its fees being more than 50 per cent lower.
PET-Xi provides Teddy with accelerated GCSE learning, pastoral support and gym membership, and today Fleur has given him responsibility for taking PET-Xi’s promotional photographs.
Fleur explains how PET-Xi can write courses on a week-to-week basis, creating “individualised plans” for learners with specific needs, which “colleges can’t do”.
Emma says Teddy’s previous school “labelled him as not wanting to engage”, but she believes “it should be the other way around – you’ve got to find the right provision to engage with the child”. She adds: “PET-Xi had more resources available. If Teddy didn’t work with one maths teacher, they’d try another personality.
“He can still be a bloody nightmare behaviourally at home, but he’s thriving academically.”
PET-Xi’s wall of celebration
PET angels
PET-Xi’s alternative provision now even extends to primary school-aged children. One of its incoming learners is seven years old; he had “nowhere else to go” after being rejected from 40 schools, Fleur explains. His EHCP requires him to have a padded room, which she has promised to provide.
“It’s not hard, is it? You just get a load of carpets. There’s no, ‘we’ll have to see if we can meet need’ – we will meet need.”
Fleur always makes a point of meeting the young person and their parent(s) before reading their EHCP.
She admits PET-Xi’s culture of making decisions based on “what’s right for the learner”, means some decisions “make no commercial sense whatsoever”.
“I think angels look after us at PET,” she adds.
Two Learners with Char Bailey, head of AP And (right) her partner author Megan Jayne Crabbe
Trailblazer NEETs
PET-Xi has just clinched £144,000 through a youth guarantee trailblazer to support 18 to 21-year-old NEETs, which Fleur considers an ideal-sized contract as it’s “small enough to have time to put the individual effort in”.
Operating this and Path2Apprenticeships gives PET-Xi a “buffet of provision” that “means you can really get young people what they need”.
PET-Xi starts both courses with a ‘Find My Why’ welcome session.
At today’s, author Megan Jayne Crabbe is talking to two young female NEETs about her book We Don’t Make Ourselves Smaller Here, about the importance of “being yourself”.
PET-Xi’s music room
Nearby is a music room with donations on the way from Coventry Music to link guitars up to computers for recording. It’s where head of music therapy Jamie Sheerman, a musical theatre director who also leads three choirs, gets learners to write songs to help them release their trauma, “rather than just talking about it”.
Independent life skills are taught next door in a brightly coloured, homely ‘studio apartment’ room, where guests are invited in to talk to learners about debt and dealing with landlords.
While much of PET-Xi’s learning is done on screens, little of it is remote. Fleur professes to “hate remote teaching with a passion,” seeing it as a “desire for efficiency that puts everybody in their bedrooms”.
PET-Xi’s ‘studio apartment’ where life skills are taught
Changing times
PET-Xi therefore tried to deliver its adult provision (which extended from Hull to Brighton and Bournemouth) face-to-face, and Fleur admits they “almost went bust in the process”.
A three-month delay in issuing adult education contracts was the last straw for Fleur. “It’s a hell of a long time when it costs £180,000 a month to keep this place just break even. I don’t think government understands the reality of business, because they’ve not been in it.”
PET-Xi has had to stop running its adult courses in counselling, cybersecurity and health, and its remaining freelance adult education staff are focused instead on “employability” and “community stability”.
Fleur lavishes praise on one of her remaining, longstanding adult skills trainers, Ruth Lowbridge, for staying on as a freelancer. But Lowbridge admits that at the time, she was tempted to leave the ITP sector, given its “instability” due to reliance on short-term, unpredictable funding streams. “How many quality people are being lost from this industry?” she asks.
Members of the PET-Xi team
Ready for college
PET-Xi has also just started working with Coventry College on a programme to get ex-AP learners college-ready, which Fleur says will teach them “resilience, self-regulation and knowing their own triggers”.
Its upstairs space will soon be transformed into a “college for kids from AP” to do mainly level 2 courses and English and maths GCSEs.
There is a growing national market of unregistered AP, and Fleur is critical that much of it is “diversional”, such as farm and football-based provision. She believes it is becoming harder for young people coming from AP to access apprenticeships, because of their limited qualifications.
“Football is great, but it’s not what they can build a life on. Our job as educators is not to babysit young people, it’s to give them a place in the community. We’ve got to be really careful of the soft bigotry of low expectations.”
Fleur Sexton
Joy first, skills second
Fleur still loves teaching and is added to the teaching rota when there’s a gap. She hopes to pass the strategy side of the business over to Jake. Meanwhile, she will help run a school Coventry Council has asked PET-Xi to set up. “I want to be working with children again – as I get older, I think that’s where I’m best,” she says.
Fleur has no ambitions to become a large provider, as this might limit her ability to put her learners’ needs first. She has had “a lot of requests” from private equity interests seeking to buy her out, but is determined not to succumb.
As I leave, she sums up the key to what makes PET-Xi different; it is “all about joy” rather than skills.
“The skills are secondary,” Fleur says. “It’s about that moment when a young person realises they can make friends, that they have got something to offer the world.”
For nearly a decade the landscape for level 3 health and social care has been stable, offering a clear route for adults and apprentices and another for 16-19 learners. But that’s all set to change.
Back in 2023, NCFE identified the need for clear entry pathways into the social care workforce as part of our Sector Spotlight report.
It highlighted the risks of reducing the number of entry points and the need for action to ensure those who want to pursue a career in the sector can access the right course, including addressing the absence of funded, specific qualifications for social care.
What happens when a pathway disappears?
A year later, the Department for Education published its post-16 qualification reform review. As part of this first cycle, awarding bodies were tasked with developing new technical provision in those sectors that overlapped with first and second-wave T Levels – health and science being among those areas.
However, the plan to defund most level 3 health and social care provision left policymakers with a problem: there is no social care T Level and, therefore, there would be no level 3 provision available to learners from 2026 onwards.
Before pausing the reforms, the DfE wisely proposed one further short ‘mini cycle’ of approvals specifically focused on level 3 social care. Here, awarding organisations had the opportunity to submit level 3 technical qualifications in adult social care, funded from August 2026.
Last month, it was announced that NCFE was the only awarding body to have any level 3 technical qualifications approved in adult social care through the post-16 reforms. This means, whilst existing technical provision will still be defunded, NCFE is making sure learners have a route into the social care workforce with new approved versions.
This is important because in Skills England’s recent publication of the Assessment of priority skills to 2030 report, adult social care is highlighted as containing some of the most in-demand occupations, and the highest need for level 3 qualifications.
How do learners currently access social care qualifications?
At present, learners wishing to study level 3 adult social care as an apprentice or through adult skills funding do so via a diploma in adult care. This is a standardised qualification delivered by multiple awarding organisations, including NCFE.
In 2023-24, there were over 8,000 adult-funded enrolments and almost 19,000 apprenticeship enrolments through this route.
Conversely, in the world of college 16-19 study programmes, learners usually undertake a level 3 extended diploma in health and social care. This kind of large technical qualification is offered by a range of awarding organisations.
In 2023-24, enrolments (almost all 16-19) on these large diploma programmes totalled close to 23,000. For context, the T Level in health had 3,534 enrolments that year.
Do T Levels directly replace existing diplomas?
It is a common misconception that T Levels replace these large extended diplomas. This September marked the fifth year the health T Level has been available, and most providers choose to run a level 3 health and social care extended diploma alongside it to ensure they have pathways suitable for all types of learners. We fully expect this need to continue.
Using the combined enrolment data, the removal of funding would leave around 31,000 learners without a viable level 3 pathway moving into the 2026-27 academic year. That is why we made it our number one priority to protect these routes.
What’s next for learners and providers?
The two key qualifications NCFE won approval for are a level 3 technical occupational entry in social care, designed for 16-19 study programmes, and a level 3 technical occupational entry in adult care, designed for adult learners or apprentices.
There was a real concern that following the outcome of the level 3 review, students could be left without viable options to pursue a vocational course in social care through a classroom-based route.
Thankfully, having these pathways approved means we can begin to address these acute recruitment challenges, and provide some stability and clarity for both providers and learners.
The deaths of 97 Liverpool football fans at Sheffield’s Hillsborough Stadium in 1989 became the UK’s worst sporting disaster. It led to a 30-year long campaign for justice by families and survivors.
This has culminated in the Public Authority (Accountability) Bill 2025 (known as the Hillsborough Law), aimed at embedding transparency and accountability within UK public bodies.
Its provisions could have significant implications for colleges.
Ethical conduct and codes of practice
Public authorities will be required to publicise, develop and implement codes of ethical conduct that promote candour and integrity. These codes must align with the Seven Principles of Public Life (Nolan principles) and include provisions for protected disclosures (whistleblowing) where staff believe colleagues have breached ethical standards. The code must mandate that people working for the authority act in accordance with the duty of candour in work matters, specify disciplinary consequences for breach and guidance for reporting perceived misconduct.
Legal duty of candour
At its heart is the new legal and professional duty of candour. Public officials and authorities will be legally required to act with honesty, integrity, and transparency during investigations, inquiries, and inquests, seeking to reduce the institutional defensiveness which has historically undermined public confidence and trust in investigations and the institutions themselves. This new duty mandates that relevant information must be disclosed proactively and promptly, rather than reactively or selectively. Failure to comply, especially with intent to mislead or obstruct, will be treated as a criminal offence punishable by up to two years’ imprisonment and/or a fine.
New offence: Misleading the public
Public officials who knowingly or recklessly provide false or seriously improper information in their professional capacity may face criminal sanctions. The conditions required for the offence are dishonesty that was significant or repeated (including concealment or obfuscation), caused or had the potential to cause harm to a person and departed significantly from what is to be expected in the proper exercise of the persons functions. For example, if college governors had suspicions that learner grades were being inflated in an improper way then we could see how, under the proposed bill, they may have a legal duty to report this matter. There is, though, a defence of reasonable excuse.
Implications and next steps
FE colleges are listed as bodies to which the legislation will apply. Apart from changes to relatively rare circumstances involving inquests and formal inquiries or the offence of misleading the public, the main implications for colleges relate to the requirements for ethical conduct which are:
A broad duty to promote and maintain high standards of ethical conduct (essentially conduct compatible with the Nolan Principles) at all times by employees; and
An obligation to adopt, publish and enforce a code of ethical conduct.
The code of conduct must set out behavioural expectations for discharging the duty of candour and explain what employees should do to comply with it. It must set out the disciplinary consequences for failing to act in accordance with the code (including any circumstances where such failure may amount to gross misconduct); and the code should promote ethical conduct, candour, transparency and frankness within all parts of the college’s work.
The code will need to include a mechanism for employees and others to raise concerns about unethical conduct and breaches of the codes by college employees and to whistleblow where appropriate. The code will also apply to independent and student governors, and to staff governors and governors, all of whom are currently expected to observe the Nolan principles as a matter of good practice.
These new legislative requirements will require colleges to review how they do things in many different areas, particularly when considering how to deal with matters regarded as controversial or confidential and how these sit with their duty as charity trustees to protect the reputation of the college. Staff will need to be trained on what the duty of candour means and how it interacts with other legal duties.
Colleges will need to review their processes for managing disclosures and concerns about unethical conduct as they could face significantly more of these once the legislation comes into force. Finally, it could have a significant impact on dealing with complaints and claims.
The Hillsborough Law therefore represents a potentially seismic shift in public accountability, not only addressing the failures of the past but also setting a blueprint for how public life should be conducted in the future.
When a young person leaves education, their chance of finding decent work shouldn’t depend on luck, postcode or background. Yet almost a million 16 to 24-year-olds are not in education, employment or training (NEET). More than six in ten are economically inactive, and NEET rates have hit their highest recorded level in a decade.
This isn’t a new story. England has lived with entrenched youth unemployment for too long. The government’s refreshed youth guarantee is welcome, but it is a safety net, not the solution.
Unless it sits within a connected, long-term youth employment strategy, we will keep treating the symptoms of youth unemployment, not its causes.
For years, Youth Employment UK and partners in the Youth Employment Group have called for a joined-up national offer. Fragmentation has failed young people. Post-16 education, skills funding, careers support, employer incentives and local delivery are too often designed in isolation, leaving young people to navigate a complex and unfair system.
A youth guarantee must be part of a wider youth promise connecting learning, skills and work, not another short-term scheme.
Quality post-16 choices and careers advice
Our Commission on Post-16 Education Reform highlighted how too many young people lack access to clear, inclusive pathways. High-quality technical routes, accessible apprenticeships and supported internships must be available in every community, backed by flexible funding and equitable access.
The Youth Futures Foundation’s toolkit shows how combining learning, mentoring and real work experience drives better outcomes.
Young people tell us they want early, accessible, trusted careers support, not a system that only reaches them after they have fallen out of education or work. Moving careers advice into Jobcentres risks narrowing its reach further.
The 2025 Youth Voice Census found only half of young people rate their careers guidance as good, and just a third feel Jobcentres understand their needs.
The government should guarantee universal careers support up to age 25, available through schools, youth hubs and community partners, not just at the Jobcentre door.
The jobs guarantee: essential, but not enough
A modern skills system must centre on young people while also incentivising employers.
Local skills improvement plans can help shape priorities, but delivery must be joined up. Youth hubs and local partnerships should act as the front door to opportunities, and a single national employer platform could simplify engagement and strengthen quality.
The youth guarantee can succeed if it builds on past successes. Evidence from Kickstart shows employer take-up depends on simplicity and generosity.
A 100 per cent wage subsidy is critical to engage private, public and voluntary sector employers. Quantity is not enough, though. Quality must be guaranteed. Jobs should meet the Good Youth Employment Standards on pay, supervision, training and progression, and run for at least six months.
For young people furthest from the labour market, wraparound support like coaching, wellbeing, health, and confidence-building is essential.
Building permanence, not pilots
Short-term schemes create churn. A permanent youth guarantee infrastructure that’s nationally funded, locally delivered and able to scale with economic conditions would give the UK the standing youth employment promise that many other countries already have.
It would also allow employers to plan confidently, embedding young people as part of their long-term workforce strategies.
Right now, around 400,000 NEET young people are hidden – not on benefits and invisible to the system. A joined-up data spine linking the Department for Education, Department for Work and Pensions, Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport and local authorities would help track each young person’s journey from learning to earning, building transparency and accountability.
What needs to happen
The 2025 Youth Voice Census offers a powerful mandate for change. We urge the government to:
Secure a young person’s entitlement to core skills, enrichment and at least two meaningful work experiences before leaving education
Guarantee early help, within six months of leaving education or work, with multi-agency support for those furthest from the labour market
Make the youth guarantee permanent, fully funded and quality assured
Resource local partnerships and youth hubs to join up provision and reach hidden NEETs
Lead a national culture shift, making opportunity visible, youth-friendly and co-designed with young people
The jobs guarantee can serve as a safety net, but a connected system means fewer young people will fall into it.
Electric vehicles are no longer a futuristic vision; they’re fast becoming the norm on UK roads. With the 2035 ban on new petrol and diesel cars edging closer, demand for EV-ready technicians is accelerating.
However, there is a serious skills shortage in the industry. We run the risk of coming to a complete standstill unless providers of further education step up.
Vehicle technicians have been proficient in the intricacies of internal combustion engines for many years. Hundreds of moving parts, finely tuned mechanical systems and oil-stained diagnostics were the bread and butter of the trade.
EVs require a completely different skill set and tool set.
Electrical and electronic expertise, awareness of high-voltage safety, and confidence with software-driven systems are now essential. Colleges cannot simply ‘add EVs’ into existing motor vehicle programmes as an afterthought. It requires a full rethink, from curriculum design and workshop equipment to staff training.
The transition to EVs may be accelerating, but the availability of skilled technicians isn’t keeping up. Unlike combustion engines, EVs are mechanically simple, but far more complex in their electronic and diagnostic demands.
Working safely and efficiently on high-voltage systems calls for specialist tools. The right tooling enables compliance, confidence, and speed. With the right tools, technicians can handle electronic controls, diagnose battery systems, and work on high-voltage cabling without endangering their safety.
Training and tooling must evolve side by side. Training technicians without access to the correct tools leaves them unprepared. On the other hand, providing tools without the necessary expertise can put people in danger. Only by addressing both at the same time will the industry be able to address the EV skills shortage.
Businesses that thrive in the EV era will be those that invest equally in training and tooling.
By supporting further education, providing access to specialist equipment, and fostering collaboration across the sector, we can ensure the workforce is future-ready and safe.
Risks of falling behind
The consequences of inaction are already visible. Independent garages report turning away EV jobs due to lack of confidence or equipment. Learners risk graduating into a workforce where their training no longer matches real-world demand. The public faces the risk of safety incidents involving technicians working beyond their competence. And perhaps most critically, the UK risks missing its net-zero targets because the workforce cannot keep pace with industry change.
We also need the government to recognise that funding qualifications alone is not enough. Without investment in tooling, colleges cannot deliver safe and effective EV training. Without staff development, even the best equipment risks sitting unused.
Why specialist tooling matters
Specialist tooling is the often-overlooked partner in building skills and confidence. Safe, hands-on learning requires access to the same diagnostic and protective tools that’s used in real-world environments.
Without diagnostic tools designed for EVs, learners can’t properly test battery systems, trace faults in high-voltage cabling or manage complex electronic controls. Asking them to train without such equipment is like teaching science without a lab, it creates a false sense of competence.
The risks extend beyond inefficiency. EV systems operate at voltages high enough to cause serious injury. Insulated tools, EV-specific diagnostic devices and appropriate protective gear are not optional extras; they are critical safety essentials.
Too many training facilities and workshops, however, are ill-equipped and use improvised or antiquated equipment. This is a false economy.
Investing in the right tooling not only improves learner outcomes, it gives employers confidence that new recruits are truly job-ready. For colleges it sends a clear message: we’re serious about keeping pace with the industry, and we’re preparing our learners to do the same.
