Are apprenticeship funding bands being set deliberately low?

Are funding bands deliberately being set below cost to restrict the supply of some high-cost apprenticeship standards? Mandy Crawford-Lee weighs the evidence

The recent changes to the funding band structure and the review of funding bands for several apprenticeship standards, most notably the chartered manager degree apprenticeship, have drawn extensive media coverage. Although the Institute for Apprenticeship’s chief executive Sir Gerry Berragan has recently explained how it arrives at the final recommended funding band, it is hard for me to say anything positive about the IfA approach. In particular I’m not convinced of the exact purpose of funding bands, the robustness of the allocation process, or its transparency.

Let’s start with purpose. Does an apprenticeship funding band represent the actual cost of the external training and end-point assessment required by the apprenticeship? Or is it simply the maximum financial contribution that government is prepared to make to the cost?

Take the social worker degree apprenticeship: initially, the IfA allocated it a provisional funding band of £21,000. Few, if any, higher education institutions working with the trailblazer could deliver such a high-cost, highly regulated programme within such a band. The IfA is now recommending funding band 26 in the new structure that takes effect on 1 August. The upper limit of this band, £23,000, is still below the estimated cost of delivery submitted by the trailblazer to the IfA.

There is an important issue here: it appears that in some cases a funding band will not cover the actual cost of an apprenticeship delivery and employers must make additional payments if they want to use these apprenticeships. And yet, while the IfA states in its own advice that the funding band is not intended to be used as a funding rate, it also says it expects employers to negotiate with providers and agree a price below this band’s maximum. The message is both confusing and contradictory.

Is this a conspiracy or a failure of process? At the very least it leaves me wondering whether the IfA methodology for establishing funding bands is flawed, or, rather more likely, that bands are being established to restrict the supply of some apprenticeship standards and limit employer spend on high-cost apprenticeships. To be honest, there is evidence on both counts.

Despite employers pushing apprenticeships upwards in terms of level of skill, the IfA still relies on historic Education and Skills Funding Agency data based on the costs of apprenticeships at levels two and three to inform its funding decisions. Few would doubt that the costs of delivering a higher-level skills programme are very different to those for an intermediate or advanced apprenticeship – so why use such data in decision-making? It’s also worth noting that after 15 months of operation the IfA still hasn’t recruited staff with an understanding or background in higher education costing.

The evidence for conspiracy is equally compelling. In its guidance to trailblazers on funding bands, the IfA refers to “affordability within the wider apprenticeship programme”. Affordability should have no role in establishing cost, although of course it has a crucial role in determining how much, if any, of a commodity or service an individual or organisation will purchase or fund. The government’s manifesto commitment is three million starts this parliament. Based on the 600,000 starts a year needed to deliver this commitment (notwithstanding its current trajectory), the money expected to be raised annually through the apprenticeship levy equates to just £4,167 per apprenticeship.

Although apprenticeship numbers have fallen since the introduction of the levy, it doesn’t take a lot of analysis to work out that if employers decide to spend their levy on high-cost and high-level apprenticeships, in the long term the levy will not stretch to fund delivery at the scale set out in the manifesto commitment. Moreover, it’s impossible for the IfA to be “agnostic” about apprenticeship levels if it wants to ensure that the revenue raised through the levy can fund the delivery of anything like 600,000 apprenticeships per annum. So are funding bands being set deliberately below cost to restrict the supply of some high-cost apprenticeship standards? It would seem so.

Union warns against another ‘shoddy’ pay deal on eve of college pay talks

The University and College Union has written to Anne Milton before key pay talks, to warn it will not put up with another “shoddy” deal.

The union wrote to the skills minister today ahead of tomorrow’s sit down with the Association of Colleges, in which it is looking to secure a pay offer better than the 1 per cent increase recommended last year.

In its letter, UCU claims that FE has reached “a crisis point on pay”. After a “decade of real terms pay cuts”, senior lecturers are now earning around £9,000 a year less than they would if their pay had simply kept pace with inflation, it says.

And even in colleges that have honoured the pay recommendations from the AoC, staff have “suffered a real terms pay cut of 25 per cent since 2009”. 

The letter states that “failure to properly reward staff means that teachers in further education are now earning around £7,000 per year less on average than teachers in schools”.

It adds that the current review of post-18 education, including funding, led by Philip Augar will not report in time for next year’s pay round.

“The truth is that UCU members simply cannot afford to hear once again that there is no money for a proper pay rise,” said Sally Hunt (pictured).

The general secretary of the union also warned that FE staff will continue to strike, like they have done in droves throughout this year, if better pay is not secured.

“If the sector is to continue attracting experienced and dedicated staff to deliver for students, colleges need to make decent pay and conditions for staff a central priority,” said Ms Hunt.

“UCU members have already shown this year that they are prepared to take strike action to defend and improve their pay.

“After years of warm words, it is time for the government to step to the mark on funding for further education and for the employers to bring a sensible offer to the table.”

Trade unions wrote to the AoC last month to spell out exactly why they have resubmitted a claim for a raise of five per cent for the next academic year.

They originally made the request at a meeting at the start of May, but the AoC said it would not consider a claim while some colleges were still in dispute with the University and College Union.

Later that month the AoC, which represents college leadership, backed down.

The unions want a guaranteed minimum increase of £1,500 for the lowest-paid staff where a five-per-cent rise is lower than £1,500.

They also want colleges to pay the living wage of £8.75 (£10.20 in London) and become accredited living wage employers.

Monthly update: apprenticeship starts down 39 per cent in April

Apprenticeship starts for April are down 39 per cent, compared with the same period in 2016.

There have been 24,100 starts recorded so far in April 2018, compared with around 39,400 in April 2016 according to the Education and Skills Funding Agency’s monthly apprenticeship statistics update, published this morning.

The 2016 figures are final, whereas the 2018 figures are provisional. April 2016 is a better comparator than April 2017 given that there was a huge spike in starts prior to the introduction of the levy the following month. 

Comparing first recorded starts for April 2018 to April 2017 would give a drop of 66 per cent. 

FE Week analysis of the latest statistics reveals that starts are 389,800, or 22 per cent, down from where they need to be for the government to meet its target of 3m apprenticeship starts by 2020.

With 24 months left to go, an average of 66,241 starts are now needed per month for it to hit its target.

The Department for Education warned that “care should be taken when comparing individual months with previous years as they are unlikely to provide a meaningful year-on-year trend” as the “profile of apprenticeship starts changed significantly in the run up to the introduction of the levy and beyond”.

“This is especially the case when trying to compare starts in April 2018 to starts in April 2017, as there was an unusually large increase in starts in April 2017, and then an unusually large decrease in starts in May 2017 when compared to previous years.”

Mark Dawe, chief executive of the Association of Employment and Learning Providers, said: “We can only repeat what we have said before.  It’s time for the government to act, and suspending the co-investment requirement for small to medium-sized enterprises and young people is the right place to start.”

Stephen Evans, chief executive of the Learning and Work Institute, said he was “particularly that there are 50,000 fewer apprenticeships for 16- to 24-year-olds in the year so far compared to last year” and urged the government to look at “funding for apprenticeships for younger people”.

Skills minister Anne Milton said that while the “overall” number of people starting apprenticeships had decreased, “this is not unexpected”.

There is good news in these figures and I’m pleased to see the number of people starting on new, higher-quality apprenticeships has increased by almost 1000% this year. There are also tens of thousands more people starting on higher level apprenticeships,” she said.

“Quality is more important than quantity,” she added.

 

A milestone month for the Institute for Apprenticeships!

The publication of the 300th apprenticeship standard is a sign of real change with tangible outcomes, says Sir Gerry Berragan

June was a record-breaking month for the Institute for Apprenticeships, in which we published the 300th apprenticeship standard. We have now approved 90 new standards in just six months – twice the number approved in any previous six-month period since 2014, when the apprenticeship reforms began.

The 300th standard is significant because it exceeds the number of standards in place in a mature, respected apprenticeship system such as that of Switzerland, which has approximately 250 standards. It is close to the 330 standards in place in Germany, another established and respected apprenticeship system.

With the publication of the milestone standard, the number of approved standards has exceeded the number of standards under development for the first time since the reforms began. We’re now on track to deliver 400 standards by the end of the financial year.

This is a fitting tribute to the efforts of the trailblazers, IfA staff and the route panel and board members who have worked so hard to make this happen. We’ve truly turned a corner in terms of productivity and efficiency, without compromising on quality.

To ensure that this progress continues, we have introduced simpler, more intuitive online templates for standards development, and they have been well received by trailblazer groups. We’ve also implemented a programme of intensive two-day workshops for trailblazers to assist with the rapid production of high quality, compliant occupational standards and end point assessment plans.
In addition, we’ve agreed individual timelines with trailblazer groups that will make it possible to complete an apprenticeship standard within 12 months of the group forming. So for the first time trailblazers have something concrete to work towards, and we know it can be done.

The clinical trials specialist standard, developed and delivered in ten months, is a sign of things to come: real change with tangible outcomes.

Further testament to the progress that has been made is that for the first time, the number of apprentices starting on standards now exceeds the number of starts on frameworks. Just over a year ago, starts on standards represented only 3 per cent of all starts. Not only are there more starts on apprenticeship standards than frameworks, but those standards better reflect the diversity of the economy in terms of occupations and skill level, and apprentices on standards receive more training than apprentices on frameworks.

So more standards are now available, developed at a faster pace, and more employers are now choosing standards over frameworks for their apprentices. This represents tremendous progress, and it is in this context that last week we issued our new strategic plan for 2018-2023. The plan explains the three strategic principles developed by the IfA board in order to shape the future development of the institute over the next five years: efficient high-quality solutions, collaborative relationships, and building credibility and transforming the landscape.

These principles are described in detail in the strategy, and a vision of what the board expects the institute to have achieved by the end of the five-year period has been detailed. In our business plan, which was also launched last week, we have derived a range of aligned objectives for the 2018-19 financial year from these strategic principles and some high-level performance indicators against which the board will monitor our progress.

We will also be placing our annual report and accounts in the Commons before recess, giving the detail of what has been achieved in our first year.

‘Preferred’ Social Mobility Commission chair wants ‘complete overhaul’ of FE

The government’s preferred candidate to chair the Social Mobility Commission has told MPs that the FE sector needs a “complete overhaul”, and reviewing vocational education would be one of her key priorities.

Dame Martina Milburn appeared before the education select committee this morning.

She made it clear that she is not impressed with the FE sector at present, and one of her top priorities in her first year in post would be to have a “real look” at vocational education.

“The whole FE sector I think needs a complete overhaul,” said Dame Martina, who is a governor for Capital City College Group.

“It’s not just about money, it’s about the leadership, it’s about the courses they are doing, it’s about the way they engage on a local level with local businesses, and finding where the jobs are.”

Her comments provoked former skills minister and committee chair Robert Halfon to jump to the sector’s defence.

“Just picking up on one thing on FE, people say it is the Cinderella sector, and I reply she became part of the Royal family. It’s important to challenge ugly sister of snobbery and intolerance,” he said.

Robert Halfon

“FE has an incredible burden. A huge amount of its students come from disadvantaged backgrounds. They are burdened with compulsory maths and English GCSE resits, sorting out the problems from schools.

“They have been starved of funding compared to other parts of the education sector.”

This is the sixth year that the funding rate for 16- to 18-year-olds has remained unchanged – meaning that FE providers have faced a huge real-terms funding cut over that time.

The Support our Sixth Formers campaign, backed by major players including the Association of Colleges and SFCA, as well as FE Week, has been calling for a £200 “SOS uplift” in 16-to-18 per-pupil funding rates.

As previously reported by FE Week, Amanda Spielman, Ofsted chief inspector, said during her speech at the launch of the Ofsted annual report in December that the “sector will continue to struggle” without an increase in the base rate funding for this age group.

“There are incredible colleges up and down our country doing incredible things,” added Mr Halfon today.

“I wouldn’t just say it’s about leadership, there are a lot of colleges that are good and we need to look at how we can support them more, we just need to learn from good leadership to help those colleges that are struggling.”

Dame Martina took on board what he said, but reflected on the mixed picture she has seen of the sector.

“We’ve all spoken to the enlightened heads who have local businesses who sit on their boards, and then you talk to others who say ‘yes we sat on their boards it was a complete disaster and no-one would listen to me’.

“We all know the good things, and you can showcase those good things and say this is the way to make it all better.”

She conceded that “funding is a big issue”. “I know from sitting on the bard of Capital City College – it something we as governors talk about all the time,” she said.

“But I don’t think just putting money in will make the difference, I think to needs to be a number of things.”

All four members of the board of the government’s Social Mobility Commission stood down last December in protest at the lack of progress towards a “fairer Britain”.

Education select committee MPs stressed the importance of Dame Martina not being a stooge for the establishment, if she takes on the top job.

She started her career as a journalist, and in 2000 became the chief executive of the BBC Children in Need Appeal, a post held for four years, before taking the top job at The Princes’ Trust.

She is still a director of Prince’s Trust Trading, and vice-chair of the Government’s Youth Action Group, which brings together national youth charities to advise ministers and officials on developing and carrying out policy for disadvantaged young people.

Names of over 60 colleges involved in new careers hubs revealed

The names of more than 60 FE colleges set to play key roles in new hubs, which the education secretary Damian Hinds has said will transform careers education across England, have been unveiled.

But question marks have been raised over how viable it will be for the colleges to implement the required changes, as the hub support fund amounts to just £1,000 per provider.

This is despite the Department for Education announcing an overall allocation of £5 million over two years to support the hubs’ development.

There will be 20 careers hubs in every region outside of London, which will comprise colleges working with local schools and universities, training providers, employers and career professionals to pool their expertise on improving careers education.

These form a central part of the government’s careers strategy, published in December, which focused the need to implement eight key “Gatsby benchmark” standards.

The careers hubs announced today will support young people with the right advice to help them make decisions about their future by building better links with employers

“The careers hubs announced today will support young people with the right advice to help them make decisions about their future by building better links with employers and providing practical guidance and support to improve the provision of careers advice,” said Mr Hinds.

The Careers and Enterprise Company, which has led efforts to establish the hubs on behalf of the government, has told FE Week the names of all the general FE and sixth-form colleges involved (see table below).

It also revealed that they will have access to funding, including a “central hub fund of equivalent to £1,000 per school or college”.

When asked if the CEC believed this amount would be sufficient, a CEC spokesperson said: “The central hub fund is one part of the money they will receive, but not the only strand. The exact funding per college will vary.”

Other financial support on offer was said to include funding of up to £3,500 for 15 colleges and schools in each hub to train a “careers leader”.

In areas facing “the greatest need”, schools and colleges will also “have access to a ‘virtual wallet’” of up to £5,000 each to fund what CEC calls “employer encounters” – which enable contacts to be established between employers and learners.

“Obviously the funding is really important, and we’re delighted to be able to offer this support to colleges and schools,” the spokesperson added.

“But it’s also worth highlighting the benefit to the colleges and schools of the joined-up approach, mutual support and sharing of best practice that comes with being within the network.”

Catherine Sezen, senior policy manager at the Association of Colleges, spoke positively of the new initiative. “To make informed choices for the future, young people need high quality, impartial careers information about all post-16 education and training options,” she said.

Catherine Sezen

“We have long been calling for an improvement to the system and welcome the changes outlined.”

The North East Local Enterprise Partnership piloted the careers hub model from 2015 to 2017.

The government asked the CEC to “scale up” their model by establishing hubs across the country.

The north east is, however, the only region that will get a college-only hub.

A spokesperson for the regional local enterprise partnership said this was because they “know there are different challenges of scale and structure for colleges, which schools will not necessarily understand with regards to implementing the Gatsby benchmarks”.

These markers, set out through the Gatsby Charitable Foundation’s Good Career Guidance, include the need to link curriculum learning to careers, and to learn from career and labour market information.

The CEC was launched in 2015 to lead efforts on behalf of the government to connect more young people with the world of work.

Claudia Harris, the CEC’s chief executive, said: “Careers education has come a long way over the past few years. The Gatsby benchmarks have shown us what ‘excellent’ looks like.

“Creating these careers hubs is the next step on that journey,” she said.

“The new careers hubs announced today are an important step towards colleges being better equipped to implement the 8 Gatsby benchmarks set out in the careers strategy,” added Deepa Jethwa, careers policy lead at the Sixth Form Colleges Association. “The hubs will enable colleges to pool local expertise and secure high quality, impartial careers advice for students.”

The colleges involved with each careers hub:

Ofqual launch 52 question T-level consultation – but four week deadline a ‘shame’

Ofqual has today launched a consultation about how it will regulate T-levels – but has only given the sector four weeks to respond.

The exams regulator is asking for views on how it should frame its rules, including on issues such as how assessments should be set and marked, when retakes can be taken, and certification requirements.

Its mammoth consultation document is 71 pages long with 52 questions, but in the latest piece of evidence that the new technical qualifications are being rushed, it is only offering up time for responses until August 6 – half the usual period it sets aside.

Ofqual itself recognised this was a short deadline and is recommending respondents only answer particular areas of interest, including setting and marking assessments, results and certification, and retakes.

“We recognise that given the scale of our proposals, respondents may not wish to respond to the whole consultation,” the regulator said.

Its consultation document gave an insight into why the time frame is so short.

It explains that the first three T-levels will be introduced for teaching in 2020, and the Department for Education plans to launch an invitation to tender in September 2018 for awarding organisations wishing to bid to offer them.

Following the completion of today’s consultation, the exams regulator has to announce its decisions about how it will police the technical qualifications in September alongside the launch of the invitation to tender.

It will follow this with a more detailed technical consultation, “seeking views on the exact wording of the conditions and guidance we propose to use to implement our approach”, which is expected to run for eight weeks from September.

Based on responses to this, Ofqual “intends to publish our final conditions and guidance for technical qualifications in December so that awarding organisations are clear, as they develop their technical qualifications, what conditions and guidance they will have to meet”.

Ofqual consultations are typically eight weeks long, and can stretch to 12 weeks for those of high-profile – such as its GCSE reform consultation in 2013.

FE Week has asked for more detailed comment on why the current T-levels consultation is so short.

Mark Dawe, boss of the AELP, wasn’t impressed with the four-week deadline.

“I appreciate that the DfE has a tight timescale, and at least this is four weeks rather than the four days from the Institute for Apprenticeships,” he said.

“It is a shame, that on the surface, it would appear that the DfE is not treating these ‘gold standard’ qualifications with the same care as they did with A-levels.”

This isn’t the first piece of evidence that T-levels are being rushed through.

In May, the IfA initially gave the sector just five working days to respond to its consultation on the draft content for the first three T-levels – and it was during half term. It only extended the feedback period following outrage from FE leaders.

This came just days after the education secretary Damian Hinds refused his own permanent secretary’s request to delay the initial rollout of T-levels until 2021.

Ofqual’s chief regulator, Sally Collier, has made it no secret that she believes the timescale to deliver T-levels is incredibly tight.

But speaking about the launch of today’s consultation, she said: “This consultation will help ensure that technical qualifications, and the T-levels of which they form a part, are set up to succeed.

“I would encourage anyone with an interest in these new qualifications to give us their views on the proposals we have set out.”

Three events to support the consultation are being run on July 23, 24 and 31. You can find out more here.

Learndirect criticised by Ofsted for ‘confusion’ over apprentices’ transfer

Leaders at Learndirect have been criticised by Ofsted for causing “confusion and uncertainty” over the transfer of their apprentices to other providers.

Inspectors noted a number of improvements since it was rated ‘inadequate’ overall last summer and from two subsequent monitoring visits, in their latest assessment of the troubled provider.

But “insufficient progress” is being made in Learndirect’s efforts to ensure a “smooth transition” for apprentices transferring to other training providers by the end of July, when its government skills contracts finally end.

“Leaders’ negotiations to transfer all apprentices on directly delivered programmes to one large provider ended unsuccessfully in March 2018,” Ofsted said.

Leaders’ lack of clarity about the transfer process has caused confusion and uncertainty

“Leaders are now approaching the final stages of the process to transfer these apprentices to five other providers and have allocated the large majority.”

However, while most apprentices appear to have been allocated to providers, they “are still waiting to be re-enrolled with the new providers so they can continue their programmes”.

Leaders at the provider were blamed for this. Their “lack of clarity” in their communications about the transfer process has caused “confusion and uncertainty” among employers and apprentices.

“Too many employers are dissatisfied by the lack of information that they have received and have concerns that their apprentices will not achieve their qualifications,” Ofsted found.

The inspectorate said that some employers were informed that Learndirect would continue to work with their apprentices until the end of July 2018 to complete their programmes, but were then told that the apprentices were transferring to a new provider.

As a result, “a few employers have approached other providers independently to ask them to complete their apprentices’ programmes, thereby compounding the confusion about the transfer arrangements”.

The process for transferring those apprentices whose programmes are delivered by Learndirect’s existing subcontractors has however been “much more effective”.

But a “small proportion” of apprentices have still not yet been allocated to a provider, and there is a “risk” that a very small number of apprentices will “not be able to complete their programmes if they are not accepted by a new provider before the end of July 2018”.

“Throughout the process of transferring apprentices to other providers, Learndirect Ltd has been working closely with ESFA to ensure that all transfers are managed in the interest of the learner, employer and in compliance with ESFA rules,” said a spokesperson for the provider in response.

“Whilst a small number of transfers have been delayed for a short period of time, the majority of large volume transfers have progressed without issue. The sample size of apprentices used for the Ofsted report was too small to capture the fact that the majority of the transfers were well managed and undertaken with minimum disruption to both learners and employers.

“All of this has been achieved in the challenging context of closing delivery centres and reducing staffing, as acknowledged within the Ofsted report. It is worth noting that Ofsted commends learndirect’s progress in three out of the four other areas in this report.”

Learndirect received an overall ‘inadequate’ rating from Ofsted, including for outcomes for learners, after it was inspected in March and had its report published in August following a judicial review.

It has since been “winding down its contracts” to deliver apprenticeships and adult learning until July 2018.

Ofsted praised leaders for having “sustained the improvements” to the quality of the provision that were identified at the previous monitoring visit – which found “significant improvement” was made in increasing proportion of apprentices and adult learners who now achieve their qualifications.

“They have achieved this in the challenging context of winding down their main funding contracts, closing delivery centres and significantly reducing staffing,” the watchdog said.

Too many employers are dissatisfied by the lack of information that they have received

“Staff at all levels of the organisation have demonstrated a strong commitment to supporting learners and apprentices to complete their qualifications.”

Managers of Learndirect’s adult learning provision have meanwhile “tackled successfully” some of the “more intractable areas for improvement” from the previous inspection.

Leaders have meanwhile “reduced further the number of subcontractors in response to concerns about the quality of the provision”.

Their monitoring of the progress of apprentices at subcontractors has been “intensified”.

Contract managers “of the 39 adult learning subcontractors have overseen continuing improvements in learner achievement rates, levels of attendance and the proportion of learners progressing to employment, education and training”.

Lastly, Ofsted said leaders have “continued to improve” their use of the apprentice tracking system that they developed after the last inspection to “enable them to monitor effectively the progress of the remaining apprentices”.

At the time of this monitoring visit, Learndirect had 2,892 apprentices – down from 17,000 in 2016/17 – and 7,276 adult learners on programmes.

The troubled provider, which has been subject to investigations by the National Audit Office and Public Accounts Committee since it grade four, has recently been offloaded by its private equity firm owner – Lloyds Development Capital – to entrepreneur Wayne Janse van Rensburg, the managing director of the Stonebridge College Group.

Chair of college embroiled in bitter merger row resigns

The embattled chair of a London college that was at the centre of a bitter row with staff and local residents over its merger plans has dramatically resigned.

Mary Curnock Cook (pictured above), chair of Kensington Chelsea College, was said to have walked out of a governors’ meeting last night after announcing she was stepping down with immediate effect.

The college is looking for a new partner after its previously planned merger was called off following direct intervention by the FE commissioner Richard Atkins, which was triggered by fallout from the fire tragedy at nearby Grenfell Tower.

Ms Curnock Cook’s resignation with immediate effect was confirmed this morning.

Following discussions about her “continued chairmanship with the FE commissioner, the principal and the deputy chair” she said she had “come to the conclusion that the end of the academic year is the right time to stand down and allow new leadership to take the college through the next phase of its development”.

“I thank all members of the corporation and staff at KCC for their service while I have been chair and wish students and staff every success in the future,” she said.

She later tweeted that she “had always said she would stand down if her chairmanship was more of a hindrance than a help”.

Ian Valvona will step up as interim chair until a permanent replacement is appointed.

Ms Curnock Cook, the former boss of the University and Colleges Adminissions Service, took over as chair at KCC in May last year.

This was around the same time that a huge scandal broke around the £25.3 million sale of its Wornington Road campus to the local council.

There was huge public outcry as it emerged that the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea planned to build housing over most of the site, with a much-reduced space for learning.

That prompted the Save Wornington campaign, with local residents – some of whom were caught up in the Grenfell Tower fire which claimed 72 lives in June last year – fighting to save their local campus.

Ms Curnock Cook became a focus for much of the embittered comments from staff and residents at a series of public meetings on the plans.

She eventually reached an agreement with RBKC to pause the redevelopment, but she repeatedly refused to cancel the merger.

Campaigners opposed this due to fears the resulting super-college would not retain the contentious Wornington campus in the long term.

The merger had been set to go through in January, but in December this was put on hold as the FE commissioner intervened.

It’s understood this came at the request of skills minister Anne Milton, who met with members of the campaign group.

In late January Mr Atkins told campaigners the merger was off.

The following month, the college board conceded “there was more we could have done to secure local community support for last year’s merger plans”.

It confirmed the college would co-operate with a new commissioner-led structure and prospects appraisal seeking a different merger partner.

At the time she vowed to stay on as chair, insisting that she had the full backing on the board.

“I have always seen my role to steer KCC to a secure and successful future,” she said. “This continues to be my priority.”

A college spokesperson paid tribute to Ms Curnock Cook, and said she had “worked tirelessly to help lead the college through an unprecedented period of change and challenge. It is testament to her efforts that the college has retained a successful focus on improving teaching, learning and student achievements”.

Her “commitment to public service at such a complex point in the College’s history has been exemplary” and the college thanked her “for the key role she has played over the past year and wishes her well for the future”

KCC has yet to announce who its new merger partner is.

In a statement last week, a spokesperson said it was “continuing to work closely with the FE commissioner’s team on its structure and prospects appraisal to secure a new strategic partner”.