T Level funding to be lagged from 2027

Funding allocations for T Levels will be lagged from 2027, the Department for Education has confirmed. 

Guidance published this week says allocations for colleges and schools will be based “solely on student numbers from the start of the previous year”. It means the use of estimated student numbers will end, but in-year reconciliation will continue. The current registration process for new T Level providers will also be scrapped.

The change will bring T Levels in line with other 16 to 19 study programmes, which are already funded through a lagged model. It means a college’s T Level funding allocation for academic year 2027-28 will be based on the number of students the college says it has in its individualised learner record (ILR) data return (R04) in November 2026.

T Level allocations are currently worked out using “carry-over” students from ILR and provider estimates of new starters submitted each autumn. Those estimates are then checked against actual enrolments later in the year. Funding is then adjusted through a reconciliation process. 

T Level recruitment has repeatedly fallen short of expectations. A National Audit Office report earlier this year found starts on the flagship qualifications were as much as 75 per cent below government targets. 

Funding colleges based on last year’s students rather than estimates gives colleges some certainty over how much funding they’ll get, but can also leave them exposed to financial risks if student numbers rise suddenly.

Lagged flaws

Colleges are currently grappling with surging numbers of 16 to 19 year olds, with DfE placing limits on how much growth can be funded in-year.

 Julian Gravatt, deputy chief executive of the Association of Colleges, said there was an  “administrative logic” to the T Level funding change, but “only if we’re at a point where enrolment levels are fairly predictable and manageable.” 

He told FE Week: “The main 16-18 funding system works well in some respects in that it gives colleges a year to adjust their staffing and costs to take account of changing enrolment numbers but it’s working badly in other respects because there is a rising population of young people, an increasing demand for technical subjects, DfE’s budgets are fixed on an April to March cycle and student choices aren’t confirmed until the second half of August.

“Meanwhile fixed budgets and rising demand leave thousands of young people without places each autumn.”

MOVERS AND SHAKERS: EDITION 506

Christian Thersby

Principal, West Lancashire College

Start date: July 2025

Previous job: Vice Principal, Carlisle College (NCG)

Interesting fact: As a keen mountain biker, Christian has competed in Megavalanche, one of the most dangerous mountain bike races in the world, held annually in the French Alps

Debbie Houghton

Group Principal, Apprenticeships, Partnerships and Innovation, Capital City College

Start date: August 2025

Previous job: Interim Director for Work Based Learning, Gower College Swansea

Interesting fact: Outside of work, Debbie is family person at heart with a passion for the arts, travel, and culinary experiences – interests that align perfectly with the creative remit of this role

Fadumo Mohammad

Assistant Principal, Lewisham College

Start date: August 2025

Previous job: Head of ESOL, Young and YEFE, Lewisham College

Interesting fact: Fadumo’s passion for teaching, coupled with a love of travel, led her to spend four weeks in rural Tanzania training teachers during a summer break – an experience that inspired her journey into quality and leadership

Jarvis Training collapse followed damning Ofsted verdict

An independent training provider was hit with Ofsted’s lowest possible grade weeks before announcing its closure.

Liverpool-based Jarvis Training Management (JTM) received ‘inadequate’ grades for overall effectiveness, quality of education, leadership and management, adult learning programmes and apprenticeships in a damning inspection report published today. 

It comes a week after JTM, and its owner Woodspeen Training, announced they had ceased trading, blaming the Department for Education’s (DfE) apprenticeships accountability framework.

Pair of Swiss-owned training providers suddenly close

Inspectors visited JTM in July and found the “large majority” of apprentices in training quit before completing, and “almost half” of those remaining were making slow progress and were unlikely to complete on time.

On its adult learning courses, just under two-thirds of learners “had fallen considerably behind” in their studies and had not achieved their qualifications. A “significant proportion” of learners had dropped out, and for those that stayed, “too few learners regularly attend”.

Governance at the provider was described as “weak”. Attempts by a new leadership team to improve standards had “not had the desired impact”. Leaders also did not identify learners falling behind or take action to help them catch up, with inspectors warning apprentices were “not challenged to achieve their full potential”.

The watchdog concluded the quality of education had “declined significantly” since the previous inspection in 2022. 

JTM was awarded a ‘requires improvement’ judgment for behaviour and attitudes and a ‘good’ for personal development. Safeguarding was ‘effective’.

At the time of the inspection, JTM had 422 adult learners on personal training, early years and beauty therapy courses. JTM’s 251 apprentices in learning at the time of the inspection were studying a range of early years, education and care standards from levels 2 to 5. Over half were aged under 19.

JTM was approached for comment.

Closure explained

Woodspeen Training and JTM, owned by the same Swiss investment firm, announced their closures last week ahead of the publication of today’s Ofsted report. Around 175 staff were employed by the providers, according to Companies House. 

A spokesperson at the time said their collapse followed “recent Department for Education decisions under the apprenticeships accountability framework”.

They added: “The outcome reflects historic performance challenges, particularly around timeliness measures that lag behind recent operational improvements. Our priority now is to work closely with the department [for education] to transfer learners smoothly to alternative providers and support staff through the transition.”

Under the DfE’s apprenticeship accountability framework, training providers judged ‘inadequate’ by Ofsted can face immediate contract termination. 

Team UK takes six medals at EuroSkills Herning

Team UK celebrated winning six medals at EuroSkills Herning after a long three-day competition in Denmark this week.

Earlier this evening, family, friends, experts and officials applauded Team UK’s duo Patrick Sheerin and Caolan McCartan for winning the bronze award in the industry 4.0 competition.

Patrick Sheerin and Caolan McCartan win bronze in industry 4.0

Overall, the UK ranked fifteenth in the medal table out of the 33 countries taking part in Europe’s largest skills competition.

WorldSkills UK officials said the experience has given competitors a taste of what’s to come at the global WorldSkills competition in Shanghai next year. 

McCartan and Sheerin both train at Southern Regional College in Northern Ireland and finished the competition yesterday with a casual handshake with each other and their training manager, Marcin Regulski.

McCartan, who works for A J Power, told FE Week he didn’t believe the results when they were announced as bronze awardwinners.

“We were sitting there all evening and the nerves started to kick in towards the last five minutes,” he said.

Sheerin, who works for Pronto Engineering Group, added: “We’ve done our college pride. We’ve Sean [Mac Diarmada] proud, Marcin proud, and we like to think we’ve done Team UK proud too. We gave it our all.”

Sheerin and McCartan celebrate their bronze medal

Both will continue their training for WorldSkills Shanghai after some downtime and say their main competition is the Danish competitors after the Hungarian winners will not be eligible next year.

“I don’t think we were too far behind them so we have to up our game and get the heads down for next year,” McCartan added.

At the last EuroSkills event in Gdańsk, Poland, the UK placed thirteenth in the medal table, bringing home one gold and two bronze medals.

Ben Blackledge, chief executive of WorldSkills UK: “We selected a young, driven team that shows huge potential to develop into world-class skilled professionals, to compete against more experienced competitors from across Europe.” 

He said this has allowed the team to “accelerate their development” in preparation for the global competition in China next year.

“We are firmly on track to showcase the very best of UK skills on the global stage next year,” he added.

Restaurant services competitor Yuliia Batrak wins Medallion for Excellence

Restaurant services competitor Yuliia Batrak was one of five champions from Team UK that were awarded Medallions for Excellence, which demonstrates meeting the international standard.

Batrak was joined by her mother and younger sister in Herning as well as training manager Shyam Patiar, who was seen wiping tears of pride on the final day of competition yesterday.

Batrak’s family fled the war in Ukraine in 2022, and she began studying catering and hospitality at Grwp Llandrillo Menai when her family moved to Wales.

EuroSkills also awards a best in nation award to the competitor from each competing country that achieves the highest individual score in their competition. Alongside her medallion of excellence, Katie Sime was named the UK’s best in nation.

She told FE Week she was excited to celebrate with Team UK at the farewell ceremony for the competitors after the medal ceremony and plans to celebrate with her family when she returns to the UK.

“I’ve got annual leave for a few days and I’m so excited to see my family,” she said.

Countdown to Shanghai

Tonight’s ceremony ended the ninth biennial EuroSkills competition hosted by Herning, Denmark. Next year, countries from around the world will compete at WorldSkills Shanghai, and then, in 2027, the next EuroSkills will take place in Düsseldorf, Germany.

Blackledge, in his role as chair of WorldSkills Europe, officially closed the competition and passed the baton to Düsseldorf.

“From digitalisation and artificial intelligence to tackling climate change. Your skills are the key to building a brighter future. 

“And I also want to take a moment to recognise again, the incredible work of the experts, of the trainers, of the mentors who have supported our competitors. You are the guiding hands behind every competitor’s journey, and your dedication is what makes excellence possible. Thank you for your passion and for investing so much in the next generation.”

Look out for a full analysis of Team UK’s performance in next week’s edition of FE Week. 

UK medal winners

Euroskills 2025: Competition comes to a roaring close

The final day of EuroSkills 2025 came to an emotional close with floods of tears from Team UK, families, supporters, and even reporters.

The 19 students and apprentices had expertly navigated months of training in their 17 disciplines.

After three days of intense competing, Team UK were cheered on by swathes of supporters at the MCH Messecenter Herning as they completed the final moments of the competition.

Some finished with embraces with their family members and training managers who had patiently supported them during their uncompromising training schedule.

Painting and decorating competitor Shelby Fitzakerly with her training manager Mike Swan

Others were more stoic; competitors such as Patrick Sheerin and Caolan McCartan in industry 4.0 shook hands with each other and their training manager Marcin Regulski after the 10-second countdown.

And level-headed health and social care contestant Grace Longden finished earlier than anticipated and returned to her workshop so Team UK officials and friends could celebrate her achievements.

Meanwhile, training manager for mechanical engineering CAD, Ryan Sheridan, reportedly had “tears streaming” on a videocall when Team UK champion Stuart Lyons finished earlier in the day.

Sheridan had to drop out of the competition for personal reasons, and additive manufacturing expert Bryn Jones stepped in for pastoral care at the last minute.

Restaurant services champion Yuliia Batrak was also emotional at the finish line with her mother, younger sister and Batrak’s training manager Shyam Patiar was also seen wiping tears of joy.

Joinery competitor Jamie Mathews at the opening ceremony

Batrak told FE Week she was so proud of herself on her final task of the competition: cocktail serving duty, where she was asked to make a manhattan, a tequila sunrise and two daiquiris.

Leaky ducts have been an issue elsewhere in the competition. At the beginning of the hairdressing contest, competitors were reportedly given extra time following a leakage in the roof above the competition floor, impacting some of the hair models.

Meanwhile, joinery champ Jamie Mathews said he kept the “constant pressure” on himself in the final day.

“Then towards the last half hour of day three, I really had to go very hard to get it completed,” he said, adding that he had to sacrifice the tidiness of his work that he would normally uphold outside of a competition.

“It wasn’t too bad. A couple of errors, but I was happy enough,” he said.

Minister makes it

Skills minister Jacqui Smith cheered on Team UK for two days this week.

Yesterday she arrived at the exhibition hall and spoke with Team UK competitors, families and officials.

(left to right) WorldSkills UK chair Marion Plant, minister for skills Jacqui Smith, WorldSkills UK CEO Ben Blackledge

Smith is the first skills minister to travel to a WorldSkills event on foreign soil since 2017, when then minister Anne Milton visited Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates for the global competition.

She was due to come to WorldSkills Lyon in France last year, but was called last minute to vote in the House of Lords.

“I wanted to come to support our team and our competitors who are demonstrating the highest levels of excellence in the skills that they are competing in,” she told FE Week.

The UK last hosted a WorldSkills event in London in 2011, and Smith said she would have to think “quite carefully” about considering it again.

She added: “This competition isn’t just about the five days that it’s been happening here in Denmark.

“It’s important for us to be able to support them, and how that then impacts back into the skills system in the UK and through the Centre of Excellence.”

Regarding the 15 per cent cut in grant funding the Department for Education made to WorldSkills UK in 2025-26, Smith told FE Week it wasn’t the only organisation that had experienced a DfE funding chop.

“To govern is to choose in a time of real financial and fiscal challenge for the government,” she said.

“We had to make that cut, but we have also of course boosted the support for WorldSkills through the links that we made into the tech programme for WorldSkills, through the presence of ministers, and through the continued work that we will do with them, including in the forthcoming white paper.”

‘Outstanding’ university bootcamps praised by Ofsted

A university-run skills bootcamp programme has been rated ‘outstanding’ by Ofsted for its “highly effective” courses that are popular with learners leaving military service.

During an inspection in July this year, the education inspectorate found Bath Spa University’s adult learning offer, which includes four-week skills bootcamps and tailored learning courses, was “exceptional” and “expertly” designed.

Taught from a grade 1 listed manor house in Corsham, Wiltshire, the university’s level 3 skills bootcamps train learners who are transitioning from military to civilian life in project management skills combined with artificial intelligence.

Inspectors said the course includes an “exceptional” curriculum that is co-designed by industry experts, taught by “exceptionally helpful” staff, and leaves learners with industry-recognised qualifications.

This includes British Computer Society certificates in ‘agile’ project management and artificial intelligence.

Vice-chancellor Georgina Andrews said the university is “incredibly proud” of its work and the ‘outstanding’ Ofsted judgement.

She added: “It’s wonderful to see the ‘highly supportive and welcoming environment’ recognised, alongside the ‘exceptional’ and ‘highly impactful’ provisions provided with it.

“This recognition is a testament to the short course unit and inclusive communities teams within [Bath Spa University’s] Centre for Innovation and Knowledge Exchange who have worked tirelessly to ensure our provision is of the highest possible standard.

“This standard runs across all of our short courses and adult skills work and we pride ourselves in delivering an outstanding service across all of our work.”

The university also runs publicly funded tailored learning courses in creative arts from centres in Radstock, Somerset, and Twerton, Bath, which are aimed at learners who are not in education, training or employment.

Ofsted found the courses, which served fewer than five people when they visited, help “almost all” learners into employment or pathways to higher education.

Teachers “skilfully” inspire adults, including those facing “barriers to learning” in disciplines such as printmaking and painting through interesting and “stimulating” courses.

Managers at the university ensure a “highly effective culture of continuous improvement” and governors provide a “high level of challenge” to support leaders, Ofsted noted.

University bootcamps

Skills bootcamps are a relatively new format of DfE-funded learning that involve training, work experience, and a guaranteed job interview over a period of up to 16 weeks.

Several universities including Bath Spa University, Nottingham Trent, and Northeastern University London have launched skills bootcamps programmes since their launch in 2020 as part of then-chancellor Rishi Sunak’s attempt to train more adults in areas of national skills shortages such as digital skills, manufacturing and construction.

The skills bootcamp programme is ultimately funded by the Department for Education, with a total of £350 million allocated through a national contract or shared out between mayoral combined authorities and local authorities this financial year.

With its £12.8 million allocation for the 2025-26 academic year, West of England Combined Authority is funding 98 skills bootcamps, including £58,000 for Bath Spa University’s project management course.

Other skills bootcamps offer training for sectors include retrofitting, leadership and management, digital animation, HGV driving, and festival workforce.

The most up-to-date national statistics for the courses, for 2022-23, show that about one third of the 42,340 adults who started courses progressed in their current jobs, or secured new business opportunities if they were self-employed.

DWP will take over apprenticeships, minister confirms

Control over apprenticeships policy will shift to the Department for Work and Pensions following last week’s reshuffle, the skills minister has confirmed. 

Adult skills will also move while Skills England will “continue to work across government,” Jacqui Smith told FE Week today. 

It comes after a shock reshuffle last week, where Pat McFadden took the “skills” brief from Bridget Phillipson’s Department for Education and Smith was appointed skills minister across both departments. 

The skills sector was left to ponder over the last week precisely which policy areas would be moved to DWP under plans for growth-boosting “super ministry” under McFadden. 

In an interview with FE Week at the EuroSkills competition in Herning, Denmark today, Smith said policy responsibility for apprenticeships, apprenticeship policy and adult skills will move to DWP.

The minister said: “Apprenticeship policy and the apprenticeship levy and policy around that will sit in DWP.”

Alongside apprenticeships, “certainly the adult skills fund and all that work in adult skills … Skills England has already been working across government so that won’t make such a difference. But those things are essentially now the responsibility of DWP, except they’re my responsibility and I work across both departments,” Smith added.

“Further education” and higher education will remain with DfE. A ministerial statement on the changes will be published “in the very near future”.

Bigger emphasis on skills

Smith described moving skills policy to DWP as a “logical next step” because she is “really determined that we bring skills work out of the DfE across the whole of government.”

She told FE Week: “What it means is a bigger emphasis on skills in a larger part of government.

“It means Pat McFadden, who alongside Bridget [Phillipson], is a leading cabinet minister within the government taking on that responsibility with respect to adult skills both to continue the work that’s happened in the last year, but also to make sure that work is integrated into all of the labour market work on the ground, the work that Job Centres and job services are going nationally.”

The minister pointed to a range of skills policy initiatives which are already involving other government departments, such as the defence technical excellence colleges with the Ministry of Defence, and digital skills work with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. 

“It’s always difficult in government to break down silos, but we have put skills much more centrally at the heart of what the government is trying to achieve than has ever, and I’ve been around a bit including two previous stints at the DfE, that I have ever seen before in government.”

A NEET solution

McFadden has already identified tackling rising numbers of young people not in education, employment and training (NEET) as a priority for his new department. An estimated 948,000 young people aged 16 to 24 are NEET. 

Smith said McFadden’s vow was a “bringing together” of the work in schools and colleges to prevent young people from becoming NEET and the post-19 initiatives already led by DWP.

“We’ve invested in youth guarantee pathfinders, and where we’ll be able to bring all of that work together, along with the benefit system, along with the work that’s happening in Jobcentres to make sure that we really do make a difference to the wholly unacceptable numbers.”

T Level ambassador cash goes unspent despite awareness struggles

The government has consistently underspent on a scheme to boost awareness of T Levels despite chronically poor understanding of the qualifications, new figures show.

Officials have failed to recruit enough T Level ambassadors, tasked with publicising the courses and encouraging take-up from businesses and students, and have spent just three quarters of the allocated budget for the ambassador network.

In March, the National Audit Office (NAO) cast doubt on the scalability of T Levels after finding that student number forecasts were missed by three quarters. This resulted in an underspend of almost £700 million from the qualification’s launch in 2020 to 2024-25.

To achieve revised student enrolment numbers the Department for Education (DfE) “recognises it must do more to improve awareness”, a follow-up report from Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee (PAC) said this summer.

The DfE told MPs on the PAC that despite T Levels being in their fifth year of delivery, only half of school students and a third of employers knew about them.

The T Level ambassador network was set up in 2021 to “advance the recognition and adoption” of T Levels. New figures obtained by FE Week through a freedom of information request show that the DfE has failed to spend its budget for this network in each of the past four years.

Of the network’s £360,000 total budget since its inception, three quarters (£258,000) has been spent. While a £102,000 underspend is small compared with the full T Levels budget, it raises questions about the DfE’s efforts at raising awareness of the qualifications.

Pepe Di’Iasio, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, said the figures were disappointing.

“Lack of public awareness of these qualifications is one of the key challenges that we face in embedding them in post-16 education and it is vital that awareness-raising initiatives are delivered,” he told FE Week.

Missed milestone

The ambassador network has recruited over 1,000 providers, students and employers as volunteers. But it has missed a key target for employer ambassadors to make up 65 per cent of the network by June 2024. 

Documents released by the DfE show that as of February this year, just over one third (313) of the 861-strong network were business representatives. 

Industry placements are a key part of T Levels but there are concerns that there are not enough employers willing to offer work placements when T Levels are fully rolled out. T Levels suffer from a high-dropout rate, in part because employer placements have not been secured.

A report by the Edge Foundation last year found that while industry placements were a major draw for T Levels students, the reality had been “polarising”, with some students blamed when work experience could not be obtained.

Imran Tahir, senior research economist at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, said: “I think that is one of the big issues with scaling up a qualification like T Levels … they need buy-in from local employers to actually make them possible.”

The government launched a T Level Employer Support Fund in 2023 to incentivise employers to host the mandatory 45-day industry placement. But an FE Week investigation found that nearly half of the £8.5 million available was clawed back.

In June the DfE launched a fresh £6.3 million fund to incentivise employers to provide T Level industry placements, but only in construction and health for large companies and all subjects for small employers.

Offline ambassadors

Budget figures obtained by FE Week show that the main annual expenditure of the T Level ambassador network was hosting and sending ambassadors to events as well as establishing the T Level ambassador national conference.

In March 2023 the DfE injected £10,000 into an app for ambassadors to talk to each other and share ideas.

Documents of app usage data, which cover November 2023 to January 2024, show the number of users increased over the quarter but activity dropped. By early 2024, 192 of the entire cohort had downloaded the app, but only 19 were active.

The DfE declined to comment.

Skills move risks destabilising ‘sofa surfing’ policy area

Shifting responsibility for skills between two government departments risks further destabilising the “sofa surfing” policy area, experts have warned.

The surprise announcement that skills will move from the Department for Education to the Department for Work and Pensions came last Friday after Angela Rayner’s resignation triggered a Cabinet reshuffle.

Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer appointed trusted problem-solver Pat McFadden as work and pensions secretary under an expanded brief.

McFadden reportedly told DWP staff he will be “expanding” access to skills training to tackle stubbornly high numbers of young people who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET).

However, it remains unclear which skills budgets this new growth-boosting “super ministry” will hold alongside employment and welfare.

Neither the DWP, DfE, nor Downing Street would comment on how skills programmes and budgets will be carved up between departments.

However, FE Week understands the adult skills fund (ASF), skills bootcamps, and other DfE policy levers for getting adults into work are likely to move to the new department, while decisions are yet to be made on who has responsibility for apprenticeships and Skills England.

The government has confirmed that Jacqui Smith will continue as skills minister but her role will straddle both the DWP and DfE, where she will retain responsibility for higher education and elements of FE that will stay at the DfE, such as 16-19 funding and college oversight.

Realignment or upheaval?

Experts and sector leaders see the move as an opportunity to tackle unemployment rates with a long-needed alignment of skills training with employment support, reinventing the role of Jobcentres, and reducing “frustrating duplication” between some DWP and DfE training programmes.

Sector leaders have been speculating about how the government plans to rapidly align work and welfare policies with skills in a way that will impact growth, productivity and employment rates.

Former skills minister Robert Halfon said the move will have “pluses”, such as creating a “coherent, focused approach” to tackling unemployment and removing “frustrating duplication” caused by two departments running parallel training schemes.

But he warned that “another upheaval” in government, soon after the launch of Skills England, risks “confusing the policy landscape” for learners and employers.

Moving the brief risks the government being distracted by “moving the furniture around” rather than important issues such as achievement rates and recruitment of FE staff, he added.

Tim Leunig, ex-government adviser and director at Public First, said: “My own view is that ‘machinery of government’ changes are a nightmare, and usually lead people to think about internal issues, not the real issues in the country.

“Things like incompatible data storage systems, analysts and policy people who need to be divided into two, teams who are based in a DfE location that has no DWP office and have to commute a long way, or seek a new job, sometimes with a real loss of expertise.”

Joined up policy dreams

Working-age benefits are projected to rise from £48 billion to more than £70 billion by 2030 and more than 900,000 young people not in work or training.

Having direct control over skills funding could bolster DWP’s efforts to target youth NEET numbers, which have so far been limited to funding pilot-style regional programmes known as ‘youth guarantee trailblazers’ with a relatively small overall budget of about £45 million per year.

Stephen Evans, CEO at the Learning and Work Institute, said that moving skills is an opportunity to “genuinely join things up” by offering training to the estimated 4.5 million out-of-work people who have low numeracy and literacy skills.

Figures within the sector note that skills has been part of six different government departments in the past 30 years.

“[Skills] has been around the houses, it’s the sofa surfing policy area… but what matters really is what you do,” Evans added.

“I would say the risk is that just we carry on as we are in a different building – the opportunity is to genuinely join things up a bit.”

This could include rationalising the various training programmes aiming to help people gain skills for work and merging the array of plans to improve skills, employment, and growth that local areas are now required to produce.

Association of Colleges chief executive David Hughes added: “The big risk with this shift is that senior officials spend lot of their time negotiating the change and implementing rather than getting on with the day job.

“The opportunity is that we’ve got another secretary of state fighting for and advocating for funding for post-16, skills, apprenticeships and the adult skills fund.

“So I think the positives outweigh the negatives for me. Isn’t it great that someone wants it and really thinks they can do something?”

‘Avoiding the trap of short-termism’

The skills policy control shift comes at a busy time for FE, as Labour continues to turn the apprenticeship levy into a growth and skills levy offer, and ahead of a post-16 white paper expected before Christmas.

Without apprenticeships, the work and pensions secretary will gain limited extra funding from taking over skills, as about two thirds of both adult skills fund and skills bootcamps are dished out to mayors and local authorities to manage.

Ben Rowland, CEO at the Association of Employment and Learning Providers, said apprenticeships are critical for Jobcentres to be able to get people “onto a more productive path”.

He added: “If they’re keeping apprenticeships in the DfE, it doesn’t give Pat McFadden tools he needs – he needs to have apprenticeships, short courses and [higher technical qualifications] at his disposal.

“Otherwise, it’s a non-significant announcement.”

For Halfon, who first became skills minister when the policy brief moved from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) in 2016, the reorganisation has potential to deliver a “long-needed” joined up approach to skills and employment.

He added: “But success will depend on avoiding the trap of short-termism and ensuring that quality apprenticeships and skills programmes remain at the heart of our national mission.

“The stakes are high: get this right, and we can transform lives and boost productivity. Get it wrong, and we risk undermining years of progress in skills development.”