What training providers need from Ofsted’s next chief inspector

When the new chief inspector, Sir Martyn Oliver, takes up the reins in the autumn, he will know that it has been a challenging year for Ofsted, and it is not only in schools where the question of it being fit for purpose has been raised.

The complaints about Ofsted’s approach may not have been so loud in the skills sector and in this respect, the inspectorate’s leadership has for several years shown a welcome propensity to listen carefully to what providers have to say. For example, providers are currently being consulted on the complaints system with the aim of it being made faster and more transparent while the introduction a shadow nominee is a positive step forward.

Even independent training provider nominees waiting for the dreaded call are entitled to annual leave and Ofsted now offers providers the opportunity to notify the inspectorate of ‘blackout dates’ when a call won’t come. Hopefully, the tales of abandoning the sun lounger just after a holiday has begun will become something of the past!

For apprenticeship providers, the involvement of employers in inspections adds to the potential stress and the intensity of inspection, with so much at stake, drives a level of pressure that benefits no one. 

At the Fellowship of Inspection Nominees (FIN), we maintain close relationships with our provider members in their programme delivery to continuously improve quality, strengthening the nominee in preparation for inspection, during and post inspection. Moreover, these members recognise that continuous improvement doesn’t end after the inspection is over even if it has resulted in at least a good grade.  

FIN analyses all published inspection reports in-depth to identify patterns and trends and it collects feedback from members about their experiences first-hand. 

If Ofsted’s genuine aim is to raise standards and improve lives, surely a closer look needs to be taken regarding the process, the stress short notice creates for apprenticeship providers making arrangements with employers and apprentices, such as checking availability or navigating shifts, bearing in mind that smaller providers are still on two days’ notice.

Consistency wanted

Assuming Ofsted inspects and makes judgments against the set criteria of the Education Inspection Framework (EIF), then consistency is the biggest issue faced by providers. 

Some inspection teams are well-organised, open-minded, fair and supportive. While they don’t give advice, they do impact positively on the provider taking the time and care to fully understand the provision. This is particularly valued by providers with complex provision being inspected by generalists who do not have specialist knowledge but are interested in finding out from learners, employers and provider staff about the specialisms. 

By contrast, sadly, there is too much feedback from providers that talk about poorly managed inspections. Providers can be asked for significant changes to schedules putting the provider under extreme pressure to rearrange employer visits which can be discourteous to employers – with little or no consideration to the damage this can do to professional relationships. 

An inspection team can arrive with a blinkered view, too inflexible to consider or understand a sector in which they lack experience and therefore default to generic questioning about functional skills or safeguarding, leaving learners and/or apprentices demoralised by the lack of interest or knowledge of the sector. 

Scope of inspection

More recently a new worrying trend has emerged: in some cases, rare but still worrying, is the emphasis some inspection teams put on providers beyond the EIF and funding. 

Is it really fair to judge providers’ quality of delivery for something they are not actually funded to deliver? For example, apprenticeship providers are being asked about how they organise and evidence their learners’ involvement in charity work.

Revisiting the EIF for apprenticeships could also look at the appropriateness of gauging physical health and active lifestyles in learners’ personal development and how far an employer provider should promote career choices outside of their own organisation.

Whether Ofsted is fit for purpose is subjective and depends on one’s stance on the issues surrounding further education, assessment, and regulatory frameworks. But it is important to periodically evaluate the effectiveness and role of Ofsted in the system.

So when the new chief inspector attends his confirmation hearing in Parliament tomorrow, he should have a clear view of the inspectorate’s purpose. This includes considering the impact its current processes have on training providers. Is this the impact it wants? is it pleased and proud of its standards and is there a consistent and fair approach nationally?

RAAC: No colleges forced to delay start of term, says AoC

No colleges have delayed the start of term due to dangerous “crumbly” concrete, their membership body has said as the RAAC crisis engulfs schools.

Julian Gravatt, deputy chief executive of the Association of Colleges, also said there had been no “significant building closures” for colleges related to concerns around reinforced aerated autoclaved concrete (RAAC), although he is “certain” there will be a few cases where college buildings contain it.

It comes days after the government ordered 104 schools in England to stay closed for the beginning of term, as their buildings are at risk of collapse due to RAAC. It is understood officials learned over the summer of cases where buildings with RAAC collapsed, despite not showing any signs of deterioration.

The concrete was widely used as a lighter alternative to standard concrete between the 1950s and 1980s, but studies have since found the material can become destabilised after installation.

The government has come under heavy criticism for its handling of the presence of RAAC, a problem it has known about for years.

Gillian Keegan, the education secretary, said today that 1,500 schools are yet to complete checks to see if RAAC is in their buildings, meaning the number of schools at risk could be even higher than previously thought.

She committed to publishing a list of the schools and other education providers which have been ordered to close this week.

Gravatt said so far there are “no cases where this has required a significant [general FE college] building closure or a delay to the start of term”, though he admitted the AoC is “certain” RAAC will be present in some cases.

“It can be quite hard to locate RAAC in a building because it is sometimes hidden by cladding but colleges have a good track record in managing their buildings.” He said more than 90 per cent of all colleges had returned RAAC questionnaires to the government this year.

FE Week is aware of at least three colleges where RAAC was found and had to be remediated this year. Some of those were forced to partially close buildings due to the level of risk of collapse, although it is not clear whether those buildings have now been opened.

In an extraordinary intervention this morning, former permanent secretary of the Department for Education Jonathan Slater claimed the government prioritised new free schools over pupil safety and that prime minister Rishi Sunak slashed school rebuilding funding despite knowing about the dangers of RAAC.

Slater said his department had found between 300 and 400 schools had to be rebuilt each year, and that it had put together a plan to double the number of rebuilds to 200 at the 2021 spending review.

However, the government then went ahead with a rebuilding programme of just 50 schools a year, when Sunak was chancellor. Sunak has since denied that was the case.

Also earlier today the education secretary accused others of having “sat on their arse” over the RAAC crisis in schools, and expressed frustration at a lack of gratitude that she had been doing a “f***ing good job”.

Gillian Keegan was still on microphone when she made the comments shortly after an interview with ITV News, which has since circulated the clip on social media.

With the cameras still running, Keegan asked her interviewer: “Does anyone ever say, you know what, you’ve done a f***ing good job because everyone else has sat on their arse and done nothing? No signs of that? No?”

In a subsequent interview, Keegan said she “wasn’t really talking about anyone in particular”, and apologised for using “choice” language.

Ofsted ‘outstanding’ hat-trick for Premier League apprenticeship provider

The training provider in charge of Premier League football club academies has scored its third successive ‘outstanding’ Ofsted result.

Inspectors lauded the Football Association Premier League Limited for its “ambitious and well-structured curriculum” in a July inspection, which was published today.

The provider delivers the level 3 sporting excellence professional apprenticeship at all 20 Premier League teams and six further clubs that were recently relegated to the English Football League. At the time of the inspection, it was delivering apprenticeships to 266 academy football players between the ages of 16 and 18.

David Rainford, the Premier League’s head of education and academy player care “welcomed” the report, and said the league is “committed to elite player development and personal growth, supporting young people to be the best version of themselves both on and off the pitch”.

A ‘clear mission’

Ofsted praised the provider for its “logical […] ambitious and well-structured curriculum”, while also focusing on its “outstanding” staff development programme. The provider scored ‘outstanding’ ratings across the board, resulting in its third overall ‘outstanding’ rating in a row since 2010.

Inspectors said leaders and staff at the individual clubs and Premier League itself have a “clear mission to help apprentices develop the knowledge skills and behaviours they need to succeed in their everyday lives and to pursue their football careers”.

“Staff know apprentices very well and understand the challenges that they face on their journey to becoming professional footballers, as many staff have been through the academy system themselves,” the Ofsted report added.

Due to that, a “high number” of apprentices get a professional contract when they finish their apprenticeship and end their studies as “mature young adults, ready and highly motivated for the next steps in their career”.

‘Outstanding programme’

Inspectors also noted a focus on curriculum improvement, adding that leaders take “effective steps” to reassess the study programmes.

For instance, they have worked with a national charity to place a greater emphasis on the mental well-being of apprentices.

The provider has also developed an “outstanding programme of staff development” to make sure teaching and training is at a high quality.

That means apprentices “thrive in calm, purposeful and highly disciplined environments” and “consistently” live up to high expectations of them at work.

‘A very strong culture of safeguarding’

Coaches at the provider “thoroughly assess” their learners’ progress during the apprenticeships by using videos of first-team players, which Ofsted said “rapidly develops” their training awareness.

Inspectors also praised the “very strong culture of safeguarding” at all the academies, through annual external checks on their safeguarding strategies.

Apprentices are further exposed to “a rich and comprehensive personal development and life-skills curriculum” including social media, financial management and consent.

National college strike ballot opens

Over two-thirds of college teachers could quit the sector over the next year if their pay does not improve, a survey has suggested as a nationwide college strike ballot opens.

Members of the University and College Union (UCU) will today begin to vote on whether to take industrial action across 89 colleges. The ballot will close on October 10.

The UCU, along with four other education unions, earlier this year asked for a pay increase of over 15 per cent due to inflation, a national workload agreement and binding national pay negotiations.

A survey of over 2,000 college workers, published today, revealed that almost all (96 per cent) said their income either does not cover their costs of living or only just about covers their cost of living.

Almost four in five respondents (79 per cent) said their financial situation is having an impact on their mental health, while more than two thirds (69 per cent) said they could leave the sector if pay does not improve.

Last year, the Association of Colleges recommended that colleges give staff a 2.5 per cent pay increase despite union demands for a 10 per cent uplift. The AoC has so far refused to make a pay offer recommendation for 2023/24.

In July the government announced that it will pump nearly an additional £500 million into colleges over the next two years to help fund pay rises. But the new funding will be added through the 16 to 19 funding formula, meaning colleges with larger 19+ student populations won’t get as much.

Allocations to reveal exactly how much extra funding colleges will each receive are yet to be published.

AoC chief executive David Hughes said it was “disappointing” to see UCU going ahead with ballots on pay “shortly before our mutually-agreed formal, meeting date to negotiate on the annual pay award”.

“We delayed making a recommendation earlier this year because we did not want to let government off the hook on funding. That clearly worked, with extra investment announced in July by the education secretary,” he added.

“As we clearly explained to UCU and the other unions, we cannot make a pay recommendation until colleges are clear about how much extra funding they will receive. Government is aiming to provide that clarity for colleges in the next couple of weeks.”

UCU general secretary Jo Grady said today’s survey findings “lay bare why our members will be voting in huge numbers to take strike action”.

She added: “College staff are the beating heart of our communities and transform the life chances of hundreds of thousands of students every year. But they are struggling to survive and pay is so low it is harming their mental health.”

The colleges being balloted are: 

1.           Abingdon and Witney College   

2.           Activate Learning   

3.           Askham Bryan College   

4.           Bath College   

5.           Bishop Auckland College   

6.           Blackburn College   

7.           Blackpool & The Fylde College   

8.           Bolton College   

9.           Bournemouth & Poole College   

10.         Bridgwater and Taunton College    

11.         Brockenhurst College   

12.         Brooklands College   

13.         Burnley College   

14.         Burton and South Derbyshire College   

15.         Bury College   

16.         Calderdale College   

17.         Cambridge Regional College (Camre)   

18.         Capital City College Group   

19.         Chelmsford College   

20.         Cheshire College South & West    

21.         Chesterfield College   

22.         Chichester College Group   

23.         City College Plymouth   

24.         City of Bristol College   

25.         City of Liverpool College    

26.         City of Wolverhampton College   

27.         Colchester Institute   

28.         College of West Anglia   

29.         Craven College   

30.         Croydon College   

31.         Darlington College   

32.         Derby College   

33.         DN Colleges Group    

34.         Dudley College   

35.         Ealing, Hammersmith & West London College   

36.         East Coast College    

37.         East Durham College   

38.         East Sussex College Group   

39.         Exeter College   

40.         Farnborough College of Technology   

41.         Furness College   

42.         Gloucestershire College   

43.         Heart of Worcestershire College   

44.         Heart of Yorkshire Education Group   

45.         Hugh Baird College   

46.         Isle of Wight College   

47.         Lambeth College   

48.         Leeds College of Building   

49.         Leicester College   

50.         Loughborough College   

51.         Middlesbrough College   

52.         MidKent College   

53.         Milton Keynes College Group   

54.         Myerscough College   

55.         Nelson & Colne College Group   

56.         New City College   

57.         New College Durham   

58.         New College Swindon   

59.         Newcastle and Stafford Colleges Group   

60.         North Warwickshire and South Leicestershire College   

61.         Northampton College   

62.         Nottingham College    

63.         Oaklands College   

64.         Orbital South Colleges   

65.         Petroc    

66.         Plumpton College   

67.         Runshaw College   

68.         SK College Group   

69.         South & City College Birmingham and Bournville College of FE   

70.         South Devon College   

71.         South Essex College   

72.         South Gloucestershire and Stroud College   

73.         South Thames College Group   

74.         Sparsholt College   

75.         Stoke-on-Trent College   

76.         Strode College   

77.         Suffolk New College    

78.         Tameside College   

79.         TEC Partnership    

80.         Truro & Penwith College    

81.         Walsall college  

82.         Warrington & Vale Royal College   

83.         Weston College   

84.         Weymouth College    

85.         Wigan & Leigh College   

86.         Wiltshire College   

87.         Windsor Forest Colleges Group   

88.         Wirral Metropolitan College   

89.         Yeovil College

EuroSkills 2023: Well wishes pour out for Team UK ahead of Poland competition

The skills minister has praised the “dedication and expertise” of the 20 young people representing the UK in this year’s EuroSkills ahead of the competition taking place next week.

Robert Halfon congratulated the team and wished them and good luck ahead of the three-day tournament in Gdańsk, Poland.

“I want to send my congratulations and good luck to Team UK at EuroSkills in Gdańsk, who are ready to showcase the pinnacle of British skills, ranging from cooking to industrial robotics,” said Halfon.

The 20 gifted young tradespeople from across the UK will compete in 17 skills such as cabinet making, hairdressing and web development,. They will look to beat the 2018 results, where the UK won one gold medal, three bronze medals and 7 Medallions for Excellence.

Halfon said that the competitors’ skills they will bring to the competition are a “testament to the excellence of our skills education”.

“WorldSkills UK is fostering the next generation of skilled workers and ensuring equal access to opportunities, whilst championing technical education globally,” he added.

The event marks the first EuroSkills competition since 2018, which was held in Budapest, Hungary. But the leadup to this year’s EuroSkills for the UK has been nothing if not rocky.

After Hungary, the 2020 event, due to be held in the Austrian city of Graz, was pushed back by a year due to the pandemic.

In an unprecedented decision, the UK pulled out of the competition because of “too much ongoing uncertainty” and changing conditions of Covid security – the first time the UK has pulled out of any WorldSkills competition in its 73-year history.

The eighth biennial event was originally scheduled to take place in St Petersburg, Russia this August, but was postponed after Russia and Belarus were suspended from the WorldSkills and EuroSkills 2023 competitions due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Last year, Poland was chosen to host EuroSkills 2023. With the event now finally within sight, well-wishers from across the industry have come together to support Team UK.

“Seeing representatives from Team UK competing with the very best in the world really serves to highlight the skills and talent we have across the sector,” said Emma Meredith, director of skills policy and global engagement at the Association of Colleges.

“These students are the very people who will be helping to drive the country’s economy and businesses forward, now and in the future.”

Paul Warner, director of strategy and business development at the Association of Employment and Learning Providers, said: “I want to wish a massive good luck to Team UK as they embark on their trip to Gdansk for next week’s EuroSkills. This year, learners from some of AELP members are taking part in the UK’s entry and we look forward to seeing how they get on.”

Former Team UK members also came out to wish the team good luck, such as web developer Lewis Newton, who was a Team UK member at the WorldSkills Special Edition 2022. “As we count down the days to EuroSkills, I wish Team UK the very best of luck,” he said.

Employers such as Siemens also recanted their pride in the competitors Ben Love and Lucy Yelland for their achievement in making Team UK.

Joanne Gogerly, head of Siemens Professional Education UK & Nordics at Siemens Plc, said: “Well done to Lucy and Ben, Siemens is extremely proud of your progress in this competition. Good luck in Poland.”

“Lucy and Ben have been fantastic since they entered the WorldSkills UK National Final in Mechatronics only a year ago,” Professor Mehmet Karamanoglu from Middlesex University said. “Really proud of your achievement, Good luck in Gdansk.”

Team UK will fly to Gdansk on September 4 in preparation for the competitions which will run between September 6 and 8.

FE Week is Team UK’s media partner and will be joining them for the whole week and will be producing an on-location supplement following the closing ceremony on September 9.

Keep up with all the action from the competition on feweek.co.uk or on Twitter with the handle @FEWeek and the #TeamUK hashtag.

Three new deputy FE commissioners join Legrave 

The FE commissioner’s team of deputies has been revamped with three new appointments.

Nigel Duncan, Becky Lazzarato Edwards, and Phil Cook have all been approved by education secretary Gillian Keegan to the roles.

They now form part of Shelagh Legrave’s team, who had her term extended as chief FE commissioner in August

The deputies work with colleges who have either requested support or who are in formal intervention due to concerns with poor quality of education provision or poor financial health. Each deputy is expected to undertake up to 200 days’ work per year. They are currently each remunerated at £700 per day.  

The SMB Group is the latest college to be put into intervention, after the Education and Skills Funding Agency found in July that it was facing “severe cashflow problems”. 

But the number of colleges entering intervention has fallen sharply since a high of 13 in the year to August 2020. That fell steeply to two in the year to August 2022

Nigel Duncan has been appointed until 31 August 2026. 

Duncan was appointed as an FE adviser in August 2019 and then served as an interim deputy commissioner in January 2021. Before that he was principal of Fareham College for seven years. He was named an OBE for services to further education in 2019, and worked at seven colleges in total. 

Becky Lazzarato Edwards has been appointed until 31 August 2026. 

Edwards spent three years as an FE adviser after her appointment in March 2020. She was also a finance director at both the City of Bristol and Strode Colleges. 

Phil Cook has been appointed until 31 August 2026. 

He spent more than 20 years in the education sector, which included a nine-year stint as chief executive of the Education Training Collective. While there he led the merger of Stockton Riverside College and NETA Training in 2015, and then a further merger with Redcar and Cleveland College in August 2018. He was made an OBE this year for services to education.

They join Frances Wadsworth, who was reappointed for a third term as deputy commissioner back in April. She will remain in post until 2025.

Meredydd David, Steve Hutchinson, Martin Sim and Andrew Tyley, who were set to leave their posts as deputy commissioners, have now had them extended until the end of 2023 to help the transition. 

Meanwhile, two former college principals have left their role as national leaders of FE. Kate Roe, has left Darlington College after nine years as its principal to go travelling. She is replaced by David Gartland, who joins the college after five years heading up Abbeygate Sixth Form College in Bury Saint Edmunds. Paul Phillips has also stood down from Weston College and so vacates his national leadership role.

Investing in elite post-16 education is a wasted opportunity

The 15 new free schools approved by the government last week are an unforgivable wasted opportunity and the direct opposite of ‘levelling up’.

Nine of the 15 new schools will be elitist 16 to 19 year free schools. These new schools will be focused on selective and mostly academic level 3 provision. They are therefore explicitly an investment in provision for young people who have already achieved well at age 16. ‘Levelling up’ should be primarily about the young people who have fallen behind at age 16.

By increasing the number of selective schools and colleges that focus only on recruiting half of young people at age 16, we marginalise and undervalue the other half of our young people. And by institutionally separating those two halves from each other based on academic attainment, we are recreating at age 16 a system with the same fundamental flaws as grammar schools impose on 11-year-olds.

Moreover, we risk investing less and thinking less about those who don’t make the grade at age 16 and don’t enjoy the parental or other support to catch up.

This is already happening. In talking about the small number of young people who will access these new schools, ministers and media commentators seem totally uninterested in what we could or should be doing for young people who do not achieve five good GCSEs.

Education policy should instead be focused on directly and significantly improving investment, opportunities and results for the more than half of young people who will not benefit from new and elitist 16 to 19 free schools. In particular, post-16 education policy must create a system that works for all of our young people.

A quick win would be to ensure FE colleges benefit from the same VAT status as the new 16-to-19 free schools will enjoy (and already applies to schools and academies). There is no rational reason for this difference in treatment, which results in less funding to resource frontline teaching and support for young people from our most disadvantaged communities. The proportion of young people in FE colleges who stem from the most deprived communities is often double that in selective academic sixth forms.

We are at a critical stage in the development of our national 16-to-19 education system. We need to see real investment in the sector. This isn’t just a matter of equity for young people; it is also crucial to the governments’ agenda to deliver the skills the economy and employers need.

They put at risk the stability of FE colleges

Every area now has a local skills improvement plan (LSIP) led by local employers. FE colleges are required by law to match their courses and curriculum to these LSIPs’ priorities. But these new free schools won’t be subject to the same legal requirement. They can, and probably will, completely ignore their LSIP.

In the places where they are established, their main impact will be to increase the choice of schools and colleges for young people who want level 3 academic study. This will increase competition between providers and eventually lead to the unplanned and chaotic failure and closure of other school sixth forms or college provisions. The overall impact will be felt worst by young people who do not immediately follow a level 3 academic programme.

National investment in education should carefully take account of the wider impact of changes to the structure and stability of the whole system. Recent decisions do not do this. These new schools will increase local competition for those who are already more advantaged and well served by the education system and put at risk the stability of FE colleges who provide for young people from all backgrounds and attainment levels.

Post-16 education planning and policy are dysfunctional. Local authorities continue to have the main legal responsibility for sufficiency of 16-to-19 education and training, but they have no formal role in the kind of decision making process that resulted in the investment in 15 new free schools.

It is a fundamental flaw that there is no effective local or national accountability or responsibility for creating a post-16 education system that has ‘sufficient suitable education and training provision for all young people’.

The long-term interests of young people will be better served by fixing that.

8 key findings from DfE’s first FE workforce data release

Underrepresentation of ethnic minority leaders, gender pay gaps, the size of vacancy rates and scale of governors serving for over 10 years have been revealed in new FE workforce data.

The 2021 Skills for Jobs white paper set out Department for Education plans to introduce a mandatory, comprehensive data collection on the FE workforce, the same as they do with schools and higher education.

The first release, published today, covers the 2021/22 academic year and includes data from over 1,250 general FE colleges, sixth form colleges and private training providers.

Here’s what you need to know…

9 in 10 FE leaders are white

In 2021/22, 18.9 per cent of the further education workforce identified as belonging to an ethnic minority group – which is around the same proportion as the ethnic minority population in England and Wales (18.3 per cent).

But ethnic minorities are not equally represented at leadership positions.

In general FE colleges, just 8.4 per cent of leaders are non-white, compared to 7.9 per cent in sixth form colleges and 6.2 per cent in private training providers.

Proportion of white staff by job role

Sixth form college teachers earn almost £10k more than GFEs

The median average annual salary for teaching staff in 2021/22 was £33,400 in general FE colleges, compared to £42,100 in sixth form colleges.

Over in private training providers, teachers are paid £28,100 a year on average.

The median salary for leaders in both general FE colleges and sixth form colleges was around £65,000, while leaders in private providers earn on average £50,000 a year.

Comparing those figures to schools, data shows that as of November 2022, the average school classroom teacher’s salary was £40,251. Meanwhile, school leader average pay was £70,831.

More women in the sector…

There are an estimated 205,200 people working in FE – 65.6 per cent of which are female.

General FE colleges had a higher proportion of female “leaders” (55.6 per cent), compared to sixth form colleges (49.3 per cent) and private providers (51.7 per cent).

Three out of every five (60.2 per cent) FE teachers are female, which is similar to the 61 per cent of learners participating in FE and skills in 2021/22 who were female.

The data also shows 0.4 per cent of the FE workforce “identifies in another way”, while 6.5 per cent preferred not to identify their gender.

…but men are paid more

The data shows that males earn more on average than females in almost all areas of the FE workforce and all provider types.

Female leaders in general FE colleges earn on average £64,011 compared to £66,569 for males.

And female general FE college teachers earn £32,445 on average compared to £34,174 for males.

Pay differs by region and subject

If you’re an FE teacher in London you’ll earn more than all other areas of the country, where the average salary is £37,697, followed by the West Midlands where the average salary is £36,155.

The lowest average FE teacher salary is paid in Yorkshire and the Humber – £30,400.

There was a £12,800 (47 per cent) difference between the highest and lowest paid average salary by subject.

Teaching staff teaching geography as their main subject had the highest median annual salary of £40,100, while teaching staff teaching animal care as their main subject had the lowest median annual salary of £27,300.

5.4 per 100 teaching position vacant

Colleges and private providers have found it increasingly difficult in recent years to recruit and retain teachers, as they struggle to compete with salaries offered both in industry and schools.

By the end of 2021/22, the DfE’s data shows that 5.4 per 100 teaching positions were vacant across the sector.

Sixth form colleges (1.4 per 100 positions) had the lowest unfilled vacancy rate for teaching staff and other public funded providers the highest (6.3 per 100).

General FE colleges had an unfilled vacancy rate for teaching staff of 1.4 per 100 positions, while private providers had 4.5 per 100 positions.

By region, the highest unfilled teaching vacancy rate for general FE colleges was in Yorkshire and The Humber (8.5 per 100), and for sixth form colleges, was in the West Midlands (3.8 per 100).

There was also 2.6 per 100 management and leadership positions vacant by the end of 2021/22.

Scale of governors serving for over 10 years revealed

There were 3,000 governors serving in general FE colleges in 2021/22, and around 800 in sixth form colleges.

In December, FE Commissioner Shelagh Legrave said the number of governors who are “too comfortable” as they have served more than 10 years was a key issue for her, but figures to aid this concern were not released.

The FE governance guide says in the section on Terms of office (under Recruiting and developing governors): “All the governance codes used by corporations emphasise the value of board membership being refreshed at intervals.”

Today’s data shows that 5.3 per cent of governors in general FE colleges have served for nine to 12 years, while 3.7 per cent had served for over 12 years.

Meanwhile, 8.3 per cent of governors have served in sixth form colleges for nine to 12 years, and 9.7 per cent have served for over 12 years.

In terms of characteristics, 55 per cent of governors were male and 17.5 per cent were from an ethnic minority group.

Zero hour contracts more common in GFEs

In the 2021/22 academic year, 81.9 per cent of the whole FE workforce had permanent contracts.

Breaking this down by provider type, just over 20 per cent of workers in general FE colleges were on a zero hour or variable contract, compared to 17 per cent in sixth form colleges, and 7 per cent in private providers.

New FE workforce data reveals a significant recruitment challenge

New data on the further education (FE) workforce released for the first time by DfE today reveals that FE teachers working in general FE colleges earn significantly less than their colleagues working in other educational institutions. In 2021/22, the median salary for an FE teacher working full time in a general FE college was £33,426. Notwithstanding how the characteristics of FE teachers in FE colleges may differ from those teaching in other institutions (e.g. in number of years of experience), overall this was over £6,000 lower than for a classroom teacher in the schools sector in the same year. It was also nearly £9,000 lower than for a FE teacher working in a sixth-form college.

The extent of the recruitment challenge

The data shows that, across all FE providers at the end of the 2021/22 academic year, there were 5.4 vacant teaching positions per 100 teaching positions. These rates differed by region, with the highest rate in Yorkshire and the Humber at 8.5 vacancies per 100 teaching positions. Vacancy rates differed by subjects, with construction, electronics, agriculture and engineering and manufacturing subjects all double the national average.

Sixth form colleges vs FE colleges

The data also reveals that, while there were about 10 times more teaching staff in general FE colleges than sixth form colleges, the latter had lower vacancy rates (1.4 per 100) than the former (5.7 per 100).

While some of this may relate to the differences in median salaries, the data highlights distinct differences in contract type across the different providers. In sixth form colleges, 86 per cent of teaching staff were on a permanent contract while under five per cent were on fixed or zero-hour contracts. In comparison, 76 per cent of teaching staff in general FE colleges were on permanent contracts while around 10 per cent were on fixed-term or zero hour contracts.  

Equality, diversity and inclusion

The data reveals that male staff were more likely to work full-time and on a permanent or fixed-term contract than female staff, although teachers in the FE workforce were predominantly female (60 per cent), white (81 per cent), and with a median age of 47.  The reported median salaries for male teaching staff were higher than for female teaching staff in most FE providers, except in sixth form colleges.

Building insight and understanding

This data is a valuable new resource on the FE workforce in England – how it is recruited, retained, deployed and developed. Overall, the data provides key contextual information on the FE workforce and highlights some of the significant recruitment challenges faced by the sector.

Today’s publication of this new high-quality data is a welcome first step to addressing these challenges, by building awareness of the scale of the challenges within the sector and among policymakers. Before now, data on the FE workforce had largely been absent until the Augar review of post-18 education’s recommendation that the government ‘improve’ data collection across the sector. The Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA) launched the FE workforce data collection in 2021 to fill this gap, which became mandatory for all eligible providers from September 2022.

This has brought data collection capacity for the FE sector in line with state-funded schools and higher education, which have had comprehensive, mandatory workforce data collections for more than a decade.

However, today’s data release is not without its limitations. The DfE notes that, while response rates to the data collection for general FE colleges and sixth form colleges were very good, they were lower for private sector and other publicly-funded providers and thus may provide an incomplete picture for those types of providers.

Additionally, since this is the first year of data, it is not yet possible to estimate retention rates for FE teachers, nor is it possible to analyse trends over time. The value of the workforce data will therefore only increase over time, as response rates improve and future waves of data enable practitioners, policymakers and researchers to draw out even more practical lessons, insights and nuance.